How long I stay on something depends
on the product but it is usually never longer than 3 months and can be as
little as a month. In the case of
Echinacea I never take it for more than 2 weeks.
You need to remember that you are an expert on your own body.
You just have to learn to listen to the signs.
That means that anytime you feel nauseated or uncomfortable or pain
when you have added something new to your regime, you should stop.
If your doctor prescribes a new medication for you, and you
feel sick because of it, your doctor
immediately and stop taking the medication until you see him. But never abruptly
stop taking a medication that you have been on for a period of time. If you
think the medication is a problem, go see your doctor immediately.
What Might
Hurt You and What You Should Watch
[No] Alcohol
[No]
Vitamin A (supplemental)
[No]
Beta Carotene (supplemental)
[No]
Iron (supplemental)
[No]
Niacin (supplemental)
[No]
Raw or undercooked shellfish due to the high risk contamination from Vibrio vulnificus which is deadly
for people with HepC.Sodium
RestrictionProtein
Observation
Alcohol
Alcohol should be avoided. Studies have shown that alcohol can accelerate the damage caused
by the hepatitis C virus. The studies have been inconclusive as to the amount
of the alcohol that causes this to happen.
However all studies agree that regular alcohol consumption is a large
problem. Personally I would avoid all alcohol.
Alcohol also reduces the rate of metabolism and the reduces
secretion of fat. This can contribute
to fatty liver and cirrhosis.
You might also want to watch the alcohol in cough syrup,
in herbal tinctures like Echinacea and in chocolates that contain liquor like
cherries. Most of these products are now available without alcohol but you
might have to ask at the pharmacy counter to get them.
Alcohol is often used in cooking in restaurants. This is fine it if it's cooked because the
alcohol boils off, but if it has not been heated, the alcohol is still there.
It depends on how radical you want to be about the alcohol.
Vitamin A, Precursor Beta Carotene and Vitamin D
Fat-soluble vitamins (vitamins A, D and E) are stored in
the liver. Vitamin A, one of the fat-soluble
vitamins, should not be taken by people with hepatitis C. That includes its precursor beta-carotene.
Studies have shown that there is an increase in the damage of the liver
particularly when these compounds are taken with alcohol.
Vitamin D is necessary for bone metabolism however there
have been some reports of caution with higher doses in people with hepc. This would include the dosage of 1,000 IU that
is recommended for people that suffer from osteopenia (pre osteoporosis).
As women enter into menopause the complications due to hepatitis C compound
treatment.
Natural sources of A: liver,
eggs, a yellow fruits and vegetables, dark green fruits and vegetables, the
whole milk and milk products, and fish liver oil.
Natural sources of D: salmon, vitamin D fortified milk and
milk products, sardines and egg yolks.
Natural sources of calcium: Molasses, green leafy vegetables, milk and the products, and tofu.
People with hepatitis C often have a complication called
hemochromatosis. This is iron deposits
in the liver tissue itself. This is
a very dangerous condition and patients are often treated with phlebotomies
(the removal of a portion of blood). Furthermore
there is speculation that the virus uses iron in its life cycle. For these reasons iron should be avoided.
If you suffer from this condition, I would also avoid cooking in iron
pots as the iron is leached out of the pot into the food.
Also watch for iron enriched cereals and other bread products.
Natural sources: fish and poultry, blackstrap molasses, cherry
juice, dried fruits, and green leafy vegetables.
Reduction of saturated fats in the diet is a good recommendation
regardless of disease state. Because
of the alteration in bile production and its necessity for the metabolization
of fats many people find they feel better when they monitor their fat intake.
Steatosis (fatty deposits in the liver) is seen in
hepatitis C, and, although the relationship between dietary fat and fatty
liver has not been conclusively proven, the average Canadian diet could safely
be reduced in fat (particularly saturated fat). In addition high cholesterol
values are sometimes seen as a result of interferon therapy.
It should be noted here that there are concerns about high
cholesterol associated with other diseases seen with hepatitis C. Problems with low thyroid, diabetes and a decrease
in estrogen (also compounded by aging) can all contribute to high cholesterol.
Natural sources of cholesterol: egg yolks, meats, and butter.
Xenical- people taking xenical for weight
loss need to be cautioned about the interference of the absorption of the
fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E and K). Vitamin
k is necessary for blood clotting.
Natural sources of vitamin k include green leafy vegetables,
south lower oil, black strap molasses, cauliflower, and soybeans.
Hypoglycemia?
The liver breaks down hormones. If
insulin is not broken down quickly enough, hypoglycemia can occur.
A little
nasty? Failure of the liver
to break down adrenaline can lead to chronic irritability and temper explosions.
Protein
metabolism- Brain Fog?
Physicians believe that
cognitive difficulties, poor short-term memory, and confusion only occur in
patients with cirrhosis. I think that
this information is incorrect. I believe
that these problems (which are commonly referred to as brain fog by hepc’ers)
can occur at much earlier stages. I know too many people that have a lesser
stage of disease and a big problem with this.
It seems to be transient in nature.
If you notice this problem,
you might consider restricting the amount of protein that you eat. Protein contains an ammonia molecule. In cirrhosis protein metabolism is affected
and the body is not able to clear this molecule. It is usually removed by conversion to urea, which is synthesized
in the liver. If it is not taken out
of the blood it can accumulate and lead to hepatic coma. As it builds, it causes many cognitive problems, and it is common
for people with cirrhosis to be restricted in their protein intake, in addition
to being prescribed lactulose, which reduces the circulating ammonia.
It is important to note
that you must have a minimum of 20-30 grams of protein in your diet to prevent
protein loss from muscle tissue. And
in a newly released study, it was noted that between 45-55% of Canadian women
do not meet the daily minimum requirements for protein.
Another thing to keep in
mind is that we want the liver tissue to regenerate. To make new tissue you
must have protein. So too much or too little protein is a problem.
If you become aware of an
increase in cognitive difficulties, try reducing your protein. Many people feel better when they do not eat
red meat. Chicken and fish do not seem to pose as big a problem for some people.
Special note: A lack of
insulin production (diabetes) also leads to a reduction in protein synthesis.
The usual salt restriction is 2 grams per day. People with
hepatitis C often have a problem with fluid balance. This is especially true in the case of cirrhosis, but is also seen
in earlier stages. Watch for sodium
added to canned goods and pre-packaged foods. One ounce of corn flakes contains 350 mg of sodium; one ounce of
grated parmesan cheese - 528mg of sodium; one cup of chicken noodle soup -
1108 mg of sodium; and one teaspoon of table salt - 2,325 mg of sodium! Also
watch your salt intake when you are eating out in restaurants.
Niacin can be really hard on the liver. It should be avoided by people with chronic
liver disease. This is Vitamin B3. It is also available in a form that you can
take and that is called niacinamide.
You will need to check your
multivitamin for the inclusion of iron because it is commonly added. It is
possible to get a multivitamin without iron, however I have not been able
to find a multivitamin without vitamin A, beta carotene and iron. Keep an
eye out for niacin, but it is not usually in the multivitamin because it causes
flushing and itching.
The liver cleanses the blood by metabolizing chemicals, and
by neutralizing and destroying poisonous substances. This means that you have
to be very careful about anything then goes into your mouth. This includes herbal medicines and prescriptions.
People often make the mistake in believing that natural is
good when, in fact, there are many natural products that are harmful to the
liver. A basic rule of thumb should be to consult your physician or practitioner
whenever you add something new to your regime. I'll do a separate paper based
on herbs because the topic is very big. The list of herbs that have caused liver problems or death include
valerian root, germander, asafetida, hops, skullcap, gentian, senna fruit
extracts, chaparral, mistletoe, Jin Bu Huan and Ho-shou-wu. This list is far from conclusive.
Prescription medications that have caused problems for people
with liver disease include the diabetes drug Rezulin, Tylenol, Methotrexate,
Paxil, Ibuprofen, Diclofenac and many others. If you see a drug that you're taking on this
list, please do not panic. Problems
usually developed with the initial doses. Never stop taking a prescription
that you have been on for awhile without seeing your doctor first.
Poor nutrition and its effect on hepatitis
C
The
Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology, W Siriboonkoom, L Gramlich. Nutrition
and chronic liver disease. Can J Gastroenterol 1998;12(3):201-207.
Malnutrition frequently occurs
in patients with chronic liver disease, and may influence both short and long
term clinical outcome in these patients. Therefore, nutritional intervention
may play an important role in the management of chronic liver disease patients.
What Might Help - The Antioxidant Cocktail
Antioxidants protect cells
from damage by free radicals. They
work against the process of oxidation, which is the robbing of electrons from
substances. The following antioxidants
are either decreased in hepatitis C or offer protection to the liver. Alpha lipoic acid, selenium (zinc), folic acid,
Vitamin C, Vitamin E, milk thistle, N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC), Coenzyme Q and
(B12).
I would consider choosing
from this group if you’re strapped for cash.
These antioxidants work synergistically i.e., together they have more
power than individually.
Natural sources: Organ meats, fish and pork, eggs, cheese, milk
and milk products.
Selenium
This antioxidant is lowered
in liver disease and is dependent on zinc.
Natural sources: Tuna, herring, Brewer’s yeast, wheat germ and
bran, broccoli and whole grains.
NAC (N-acetyl
cysteine)
N-acetyl cysteine is a powerful
antioxidant and a stable form of glutathione. Glutathione is very active in liver detoxification.
It is an important free radical deactivator offering protection against cataract
formation, as well as immune enhancement, liver protection, cancer protection
and heavy metal detoxification.
NAC is given intravenously
in hospitals to patients with Tylenol overdoses. Tylenol destroys the liver in overdoses and immediate administration
of NAC may help.
Immune responses are mediated by small chemicals like cytokines
and lymphokines. One of the best researched is the amino acid cysteine. The
activation and proliferation of T cells normally requires oxidizing substances
such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, and lymphocytes contain a limited
amount of reducing substances such as cysteine. Lymphocytes can utilize cysteine
from NAC for glutathione production.
For maximal absorption, NAC is taken on an empty stomach.
Do not take with garlic.
Please see the article by A.S. Gissen on NAC for more info.
A word of caution: Some people have experienced nausea with this product.
Alpha Lipoic Acid
Alpha lipoic acid is typically
reduced in liver disease. It is a potent supplier of glutathione and has been
shown to increase immune function.
It facilitates the metabolism
of glucose to energy. It has been
very successful in the treatment of diabetes and diabetic neuropathies.
It is helpful in neurogenic disorders.
It has also been found to be protective in the case of cataracts.
Neuropathy from the Combo?
Try alpha lipoic acid to reduce symptoms of tingling and numbness in the hands
and feet.
Lipoic acid also helps with
bruising, as does vitamin c.
For more info please see the article Alpha Lipoic Acid by Beth M. Ley.
Natural sources: potatoes,
carrots, beets, yams, kohlrabi and others root vegetables.
Zinc
Zinc is necessary for the
metabolism of selenium. Both selenium
and zinc are found to be reduced in patients with hepatitis C.
Natural sources: pumpkin seeds, sunflower seeds, organ meats,
mushrooms, soybeans, and Brewer’s yeast.
Coenzyme Q
Coenzyme Q is an integral
part of the mitochondria which is the energy producing unit in your cells. Many hepc’ers find an increase in energy when
they take this supplement. A common
dosage would be 60 mg per day.
Natural sources: Mackeral, salmon, and sardines.
Folic Acid
Folic acid is typically
reduced in people with hepatitis C. A decrease in folate has been linked to
mental confusion, depression and fatigue.
Special caution: High doses of folate can cause a decrease in zinc absorption.Too much
methionine can cause a decrease in folate.
Natural sources: Dark green leafy vegetables, organ meats, Brewer’s
yeast, root vegetables, whole grains, oysters, salmon and milk.
Vitamin C
J. Clin. Invest. Volume 102, Number 1, July 1998, 67-71, Dietary
Supplement with Vitamin C Prevents Nitrate Tolerance, Eberhard Bassenge, Nelli
Fink, Mikhail Skatchkov, and Bruno Fink, Institute of Applied Physiology,
University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str 7, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
In this study they concluded
that it is possible to increase platelets and decrease platelet breakdown
by supplementation with vitamin C. Vitamin C also helps with bruising.
A decrease in vitamin C
has been seen in Porphyria Cutanea Tarda (PCT), a skin condition seen in people
with hepatitis C and associated with excess iron.
Special caution: people that have a tendency
toward kidney stone formation should not take high doses of vitamin C.
Natural sources: Citrus fruits, rose hips, acerola cherries,
sprouted alfalfa seeds, canteloupe, strawberries, broccoli, tomatoes and green
peppers.
Superdioxide Mutase
Superoxide dismutase in patients with chronic hepatitis C
virus infection was found to be decreased in the liver. A study suggested that it could be this oxidative
stress that is initiating a fibrogenesis cascade in the liver of patients
with chronic hepatitis C. However supplementation with superdioxide mutase
has not been shown to help. Adding the other antioxidants may give support
to this area.
Natural source: Barley
grass, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, wheatgrass and most green plants.
A pilot
study of the effects of d-alpha-tocopherol on hepatic stellate cell
activation
in chronic hepatitis. C. Houglum K, Venkataramani A, Lyche K, Chojkier M.
Gastroenterology, 1997;113:1069-1073.
Milk
Thistle
Milk thistle is a powerful
antioxidant. In addition to this it
has antifibrotic effects i.e., it can slow the scarring within the liver.
There are many scientific papers that support this finding.
A word of caution: some people find that milk thistle causes nausea and discomfort and
cannot take it for this reason.
B12
Problems with malabsorption
are possible. B12 is stored in the liver and problems with this
can lead to fatigue. B12 is necessary for some energy metabolism
and some patients with hepatitis C have noted an increase in energy when they
take B12. It is possible to get B12 shots from your
doctor however recent studies have shown that sublingual B12 has
about the same absorption as the injection. You can get sublingual B12
from the health food store 100 for $10.00.
These lozenges should be placed under the tongue and allowed to slowly
dissolve. The B12 is absorbed
through the sublingual vein under your tongue directly into your blood.
B12 deficiency
has been linked to immune response, mild dementia, and peripheral neuropathy.
Natural sources: organ meats,
fish and pork, eggs, cheese, tofu, milk and milk products.
Essential Fatty Acids (formally called vitamin f)
The primary omega-3 oil is called alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)
and is found in flaxseed (58%) and canola oils, pumpkin, walnuts, and soybeans.
Fish oils, such as salmon, cod, and mackerel, contain the other important
omega-3 oils, DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) and EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid).
Omega-3 oils help reduce the risk of heart disease and have an impact the
brain and immune system.
In addition, the study in Scand J Gastroenterol 1997 Apr;32(4):350-356 called "Steatosis and collagen content in experimental liver
cirrhosis are affected by dietary monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty
acids" by Fernandez MI, Torres MI, Gil A, Rios A found that fibrosis and steatosis may be influenced
by dietary fat, and monounsaturated fat appears to influence favorably the
histologic recovery of the damaged liver. Interestingly, avocados are very high in monounsaturates.
Another good source is olive oil. However, one problem with monounsaturates
is that they exclude vitamin E, found in polyunsatured fats.
Natural sources: flaxseed
(58%) and canola oils, pumpkin, walnuts, and soybeans. Fish oils, such as
salmon, cod, and mackerel. Primrose
oil, black current seed oil, and borage oil.
SAMe
SAMe provides indirect glutathione. It has been advocated
for use in depression and in liver disease.
It works in many ways and is too extensive to cover here. Please see
the accompanying article on SAMe by Life Extensions. It's packed with information.
SAMe has been shown to reduce ALT and cholesterol.
The reason that people want to add methionine to their diets
is that it increases glutathione, a powerful antioxidant and liver detoxifier.
Methionine gets turned into SAMe by an enzyme called SAMe synthetase.
People with cirrhosis and liver disease often have an impaired synthetase
so adding methionine won’t increase the SAMe and therefore there is no subsequent
increase in glutathione. Taking the
supplement bypasses the problem.
Some people have noticed nausea when they take SAMe. It is possible to get an enteric coated form.
This prevents the SAMe from dissolving in the stomach and the resulting nausea.
Nature Made makes this product. You
can call them to ask questions about SAMe at 1-888-898-1151 or visit their
website at: www.naturemade.com
Special
caution: Too much methionine
can cause a decrease in folate.
by Darlene Morrow, BSc
Methionine has been recommended to people with HCV as a liver
protectant particularly in conjunction with Tylenol (500mg twice a day). While
it is generally accepted that methionine is a liver protectant, the evidence
is not conclusive as to the recommended dosage and possible side effects.
Extreme caution is necessary in individuals with severe liver disease because
drugs/substances are processed in the liver. The effects of hepatitis
C and liver disease vary from individual to individual. The extent of
damage and your particular condition (fibrosis, cirrhosis, etc.) will all
have a bearing on your body's ability to deal with outside substances. The
following excerpt demonstrates the possible dangers of self medicating. We strongly recommend that all supplements
be approved for your use by your physician.
Please keep in mind when reading this article that the suggested
dosage of methionine was 2 x 500 mg which is equal to 1g.
- Caution in Patients
with Liver Disease!
Reprinted with permission from [Drugs & Ther Perspect
10(11): 11-13, 1997. (c) 1997 Adis International Limited]
source:
http://www.medscape.com/adis/DTP/1997/v10.n11/dtp1011.04/dtp1011.04.html
Adverse effects associated
with methionine include nausea, vomiting, drowsiness and irritability. [8]
Moreover, methionine should be used with caution in patients with severe liver
disease as this agent may aggravate hepatic damage and this drug should not
be used in patients with acidosis. [8] Although methionine (an amino acid)
is an essential dietary constituent, studies have shown that methionine may
cause reduced serum folate levels, leucocytosis, changes in serum pH and potassium
and increased urinary calcium excretion when given at dosages of 8 to 13.9
g/day for 4 to 5 days. Moreover, functional psychoses have been seen in schizophrenic
patients receiving higher dosages of 10 to 20 g/day for 2 weeks, and single
doses of 8g have precipitated hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis.
[3] Although there is no evidence in humans, animal studies indicate that
methionine may have adverse effects on the cardiovascular and coagulation
systems. [3,4]
References:3.Jones AL, Hayes PC, Proudfoot AT, et al. Should methionine
be added to every paracetamol tablet? No: the risks are not well enough known.
BMJ 1997 Aug 2; 315: 301-44.Krenzelok EP. Should methionine be added to every paracetamol
tablet? Yes: but perhaps only in developing countries. BMJ 1997 Aug 2; 315:
303-4 8.Martindale. The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed. London:
Pharmaceutical Press, 1996: 683-4
Studies have shown that people with hepatitis C have a decrease
in this antioxidant. It is possible that vitamin E can be a useful adjunct
to interferon therapy. Some studies
have confirmed a lowering in the liver enzymes in response to antioxidant
supplementation. Furthermore, patients
with rheumatoid arthritis were found to be deficient in vitamin E and it may
be possible that supplementation could help reduce the aches and pains that
are common in hepatitis C.
Vitamin E has been associated with a decrease in fibrogenesis
(the scarring). It is also effective in reducing cholesterol and in increasing
T-cell function. Fragility of red blood cells (RBCs) has been associated with
low vitamin E.
Vitamin E is found in a couple of different forms and the
effectiveness of the forms may differ. The
best thing to do is to buy the mixed vitamin E.
Vitamin E absorption is influenced by low zinc levels.
Natural sources: cold
pressed oils, eggs, wheat germ, organ meats, molasses, sweet potatoes, leafy
vegetables and dessicated liver.
Special
note: Dosages of 800 IU coupled with 1,000 mg of vitamin C were
found to relieve the hemolytic anemia associated with combination therapy.
It may also help with the peripheral neuropathy.
Caution: Sudden supplementation in unaccustomed individuals
may raise blood pressure. Vitamin
E also increases the effect of cyclosporine and the dosage needs to be monitored.
Use with caution in cases of diabetic retinopathy. Those suffering
from diabetes, rheumatic heart disease, or an overactive thyroid should not
use high doses.
Topical vitamin E as been shown to help with some skin problems.
I would also recommend that you try a product called Bag Balm. You get it from Buckerfield's or a vet that
deals with horses. Try phoning the pharmacies too.
Sue A. was a great detective
and tracked down the product at Kripp’s Pharmacy at 990 Granville Street ($13.45)
and I have also ordered it from the London Drugs in West Vancouver. It is
also known as udder cream.
You can buy this from Lee Valley as well. They are on the
net at www.leevalley.com and are located here in Vancouver. 1.800.267.8767
Weight loss is common in
hepatitis C and often stems from the constant nausea. Something that I have found very helpful is ginger. Now there are several ways of getting the ginger.
First of all you can buy the standardized organic ginger in 500-mg
capsules at the health food store. Take 3 capsules at the first sign of nausea.
The ginger has a wonderful effect and it is also an appetite stimulant and
an anti-inflammatory. Many people enjoy ginger tea. Grate a one inch
piece of ginger and place it in a tea strainer. Add boiling water and cover
for 5 minutes. You can sip this drink throughout the day.
Sleep
As simple as it sounds,
your best medication is sleep. It
is critical for people with hepatitis C to get enough rest. That means rest whenever you feel tired or
try scheduling an afternoon nap. It
doesn't have to be a long time. 20
minutes often is enough, but take more if you feel you need it.
We live in a society where
we have learned to push past fatigue and to ignore how we feel. You have to train yourself to learn to listen.
You can get much more done this way even if it takes a little bit longer.
And at the end of the day you might not feel so bad.
I have seen a surprising
number of people that suffer from sleep disorders. Many of them suffer from restless leg syndrome or periodic limb
movement disorder. While there has
been no association of these 2 conditions with hepatitis C, I can't help but
wonder if there isn't a relationship. If
your sleep patterns are severely disrupted, consider asking your family doctor
for a referral to the UBC Sleep Disorders Clinic.
A good part of your fatigue could stem from lack of restful sleep.
by Zoltan P. Rona MD, MSc
http://www.naturallink.com/homepages/zoltan_rona/interferon/index.html
Interferon is a substance produced by the body's white cells
to fight Infections, cancer, allergies and toxic chemical poisoning.
Interferon can be made artificially and injected for some cancers and viral
infections like hepatitis C. Studies indicate that many natural substances
can activate the body's own production of interferon. Some better known natural
interferon boosters are:
HBsAg negative:
12.4% (control group: 1.9%)
HBeAg negative:
76.8% (control group: 19.5%)
HBc antibodies
negative: 17.5% (control group: 2%)
HBV-DNA
negative: 52.9% (control group: 16.7%)
HCV antibodies
negative: 29.4% (control group: 8%)
In a report of the Hunan Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine
(12), the results of applying Song Zhi Mixture #2 to 30 patients was described.
The mixture is said to contain hoelen, gardenia, pseudostellaria, hypericum,
and other undisclosed ingredients. These ingredients were apparently made
into an extract that was taken one bag each time, three times daily for three
months. The researchers used liver enzymes and antibody testing to evaluate
the results. A total of 30 patients were tested, some with acute hepatitis
C, others with chronic hepatitis C, the latter group further divided into
those with or without accompanying hepatitis B. The rate of turning the antibody
test from positive to negative was high. For example, among 12 patients who
had chronic hepatitis C (without hepatitis B), 10 became negative; liver enzyme
levels normalized for all but one of the patients.
Summary of Chinese work
It has been said that Chinese medical
journals only publish positive results. In the case of hepatitis C treatments,
that appears to be the case thus far. However, it is clear that the positive
results claimed are within the realm of possibility: viral inhibition measured
by PCR tests shows results that are comparable to Western medical treatment,
and tests showing antibody conversion or liver enzyme normalization are consistent
with reports for hepatitis B that have been emerging from the Orient (mainland
China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Japan) for several years.
With the exception of the report
about oxymatrine, all of the treatments rely on complex mixtures of herbs,
with or without added interferon therapy. The dosages of herbs, when described,
tend to be high. The formulations vary considerably not only from one research
center to the next, but also, in those studies which depict syndrome differentiation,
from one patient to the next. As with treatment of many other diseases, the
Chinese clinical reports indicate a wide range of herbs selected for treatment,
and there are many ingredients that are not mentioned in the clinical reports
(as a means of retaining a sort of "patent" on the formulation).
Among the ingredients mentioned with some frequency in the above reports are
gardenia, forsythia, curcuma, bupleurum, salvia, astragalus, tang-kuei, and
various types of peony (white peony, red peony, moutan). Some reports mention,
off-handedly, the administration of vitamins, either as an accompaniment to
herb therapy or as a part of the control group treatment.
Using the treatments in
the U.S.
To avoid the extremely-high dosage
requirements that often accompany the large decoction formulas, a prescription
containing just a few key ingredients might be recommended. The Institute
for Traditional Medicine is providing (in addition to Qing Tui Tang) the following prescription
in the form of dried decoctions and tablets, intended for the case of more
severe viral hepatitis involving both blood stasis and damp-heat (but not
those of liver/kidney yin deficiency or spleen/stomach weakness), as described
in the Chinese literature:
Bupleurum/Gardenia Formula
bupleurum 15%
peony 15% (5% each of peony, red
peony, moutan)
gardenia 15%
forsythia 15%
astragalus 15%
salvia 15%
tang-kuei 10%
This formula is a derivative of
the traditional Chaihu Qinggan Tang
(bupleurum formula for cleansing the liver; Bupleurum and Rehmannia Combination)
of the Ming Dynasty. That formula includes bupleurum, peony, gardenia, forsythia,
and tang-kuei as essential ingredients. Astragalus and salvia are important
here to address the common problem of blood stasis associated with hepatitis
C.
Since herbal teas (either making
decoctions, or converting dried decoctions to tea) were utilized in the Chinese
clinical trials, a similar form should probably be tried here. Due to the
long course of therapy, Westerners may wish to rely on dried extracts (which
are swallowed with a glass of water or made into tea) as a more convenient
form than the more traditional crude herb decoction. A dose of three teaspoons
of dried extracts (about 9 grams), two times daily would be equivalent to
a decoction dose of around 100 grams crude herbs daily, the amount intended
for the above prescription. A tablet form is in preparation, for which a dose
of 8–9 tablets each time, three times daily, is suggested to get this dosage.
Some patients may experience loss
of appetite, loose stool or diarrhea, or other reactions in response to treatments
with bitter cold herbs, thus one may need to adjust the formulation somewhat
if this reaction occurs and persists. An example of adjustment is to remove
one or two of the toxin and damp-heat clearing herbs and to instead rely on
qi-tonic and dampness-clearing herbs such as those found in Six Major Herbs
Combination (Liu Junzi Tang). Another
formulation, aside from Salvia/Ligustrum Tablets (mentioned above), is available
to address hepatitis: Eclipta Tablets. This formula is suited to those who
have liver/kidney yin deficiency complicated by stomach/spleen weakness. Any
of these formulas could be taken along with Oxymatrine Tablets. In place of
the vitamins given in some of the Chinese clinical trials, ITM has developed
two nutritional anti-oxidant preparations that can be utilized: Quercenol
(which includes milk thistle extract, several flavonoids, and vitamins C and
E) and Alpha Curcumone (which includes alpha-lipoic acid, several antioxidant
vitamins, ginseng and curcuma). The dosage is 1 tablet of each, 2–3 times
daily, to be taken along with the complex herbal prescription selected for
the principal treatment component. These formulas are available by prescription
only from practitioners who have access to the ITM literature regarding their
ingredients, therapeutic actions, and potential clinical applications.
Until more clinical work with hepatitis
C and Chinese herbs is carried out in the United States, it may be difficult
to convince medical practitioners and patients to try this method. Because
the herbs are non-toxic, some patients may wish to utilize this therapy in
place of, or in addition to, treatment by interferon. It is reasonable to
begin collecting information from such patients to provide case histories
in an effort to eventually develop a well-designed clinical trial.
REFERENCES
Chen
Lihua, Hepatitis C: Characteristics
and TCM treatment methods, Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 1994;
(10).
Jin
Shi and Chen Quanliang, Clinical manifestations
of hepatitis C and hepatitis B: A comparative approach utilizing TCM differential
diagnostics, Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 1994; (9).
Hong
Huiwen, et al., Analysis of clinical
and therapeutic specificity in treating chronic hepatitis B and C, Journal
of Traditional Chinese Medicine 1997; 38(12): 732–734.
Jin
Shi and Wang Yue, Probing into the relationship
between the TCM differentiations of chronic hepatitis C and clinical determination
results, Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 1998; 39(4): 233–235.
You
Songxin, et al., Clinical research on
hepatitis-C treating oral liquid, Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine
1996; 37(11): 673–675.
Li
Jiqiang, et al., A preliminary study
on therapeutic effect of oxymatrine in treating patients with chronic hepatitis
C, Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, 1998;
18(4): 227–229.
Li
Hougen, et al., Qingtui Fang applied
in treating 128 cases of chronic hepatitis C, Chinese Journal of Integrated
Traditional and Western Medicine for Liver Diseases (5) 1994; 4(2): 40.
Lu
Jiawu, 32 chronic hepatitis C patients
treated by integrating Chinese herbs and interferon, Chinese Journal of
Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine 1995;15(6): 371.
Wu
Chunrong, et al., 33 patients with hepatitis
C treated by TCM syndrome differentiation, Chinese Journal of Integrated
Traditional and Western Medicine for Liver Diseases 1994; 4(1): 44–45.
Liu
Qingchi, et al., Clinical study of Traditional
Chinese Medicine and Western medicine on aplastic anemia complicated with
hepatitis C, Chinese Journal of Traditional and Western Medicine 1995;
15(4): 198–201.
Yao
Zhen, Liu Maocai, and Wang Chaolian, A
preliminary report on the affect of 911 Granules on chronic viral hepatitis
of the B and C types, Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine
1995/3.
Deng
Desheng, 30 cases of hepatitis C treated
with Song Zhi Mixture, Hunan Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 1997;
13(6): 27–28.
September 1998
From The Yuan Centre in London England and available in Vancouver,
BC
Herbal supplements for Hepatitis C compromised Livers
to help maintain
healthy liver functioning
Your guide to choosing the right formula
A General Introduction
The liver
is the body's chemical powerhouse. Impairment leads to a multiplicity of symptoms.
Digestive
problems, hormonal imbalances, fluctuating energy levels, malaise and apathy
all may have their origins in liver dysfunction.
The liver
not only provides energy, metabolises food and neutralises toxins, but is
also at the core of our immune response.
Over 3000
years Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has evolved a comprehensive understanding
of the liver's critical multi-tasking role in our health and well-being. The
liver is referred to as the 'General', and is vital in controlling the body's
'troops'.
YUAN has
harnessed this knowledge to create the Liverlife Range.
The Liverlife
range offers a unique approach. The supplements are expertly designed to provide
a safe but comprehensive therapeutic framework to support and maintain a healthy
liver for those people with related patterns. These products are not cures.
They aim to optimise response in terms of Traditional Chinese therapeutic
parameters.
It is important
to understand that the ‘organs’ referred to in TCM do not correspond exactly
to those in Western Medicine. Incorporated into the terms are the functions
associated with them as well as their relationship to the fundamental substances
( e.g., ‘Qi’ and ‘blood’) and other organs.
They have
been developed by John Tindall, consultant and practitioner for YUAN. The
formulations are a response to the need for patient maintained healthcare
over the long term.
They are
based on his clinical observation of varied profiles of people with liver
related symptoms. The formulations correspond specifically to these symptoms,
delivering a customised choice. The range as a whole is revolutionary, being
the first to offer people the opportunity to select their own treatment from
within the range. The protocol enables direct access to the power and flexibility
of Chinese herbal medicine.
As the
founder and Director of the Gateway Clinic in South London, UK, John Tindall
has treated many hundreds of patients. The clinic operates within the National
Health System (NHS), and has achieved an international reputation for the
effective treatment of chronic hepatitis, addiction, and HIV/AIDS by Traditional
Chinese Medicine.John Tindall
currently runs private clinics in London, Norway, Dublin and Ankara .
He writes,“ Whilst
individualised prescriptions of loose herbs by specialist TCM practitioners
provide the optimum treatment option, the Liver Life supplements are a low
cost and flexible means to address common patterns of liver disharmony.The overall
principle is to nourish the blood and yin, tonify the Qi, regulate the circulation
of Qi and Blood, and clear damp heat and fire poison from the body”.
Choosing and Using the Products
This guide
is intended to provide the reader with the necessary information for choosing
the appropriate supplement. Please follow the procedure below to select the
products most suitable for you as an individual.
Details
of the patterns and actions of the traditional Chinese herbs used in the Liver
Life range are clearly shown in the following pages.
When selecting
the formulation most suitable, note that you may have any of the indications,
but none of the contra indications. First look at the table below and summarise
your main symptom areas.
Energy,
Sleep, Sweating, Thirst, Taste, Appetite, Digestion, Stools, Urine, Chest, Skin, Heart, Hot / Cold feeling Headaches,
Eyes, Ears, Nails, Hair, Muscles,
Joints, Periods, Mood, Memory, Concentration,
Pain.
Secondly,
check the symptoms against the indications for each of the products in the
range and decide which is the most appropriate formulation. It is not necessary
to have all the symptoms indicated for the formula to 'fit'. Use the key differential
indications to help to decide which are most appropriate.
If you
have key symptoms which indicate the use of two of the formulae you should
use a combination of both. The procedure is to take them at different ends
of the day.
For example,
if you are a combination of Peaceful River and Middle Way, take the Peaceful
River in the morning and the Middle Way in the evening. If you are a combination
of Middle Way and Cool & Calm, then take the Middle Way in the morning
and the Cool & Calm in the evening.
Remember
that the Eliminator acts as a supplement to the other formulations. It is
designed to alter their balance in order to clear the 'fire poison' consistent with high viral loads.
Dosage. As with other herbal products, these formulations
are most likely to be of benefit if taken consistently over time.
Start on
a low dosage to give your body time to adjust. It is a good idea to begin
by taking one tablet twice per day, in the morning and evening, twenty minutes
before a meal.
It is recommended
that you stay on the lower dose for several weeks. If you notice improvements
on this dose, there is no need to increase the intake. Dosage may be increased
to a maximum of four tablets twice per day.
Traditional
Chinese medicine is considered to be complementary to other approaches. It
is OK to carry on taking vitamins, and individual western herbs such as Milk
Thistle (Silybum) and St John's Wort (Hypericum).
Should
you experience any side effects (diarrhoea, pain, vomiting, or shortness of
breath), or what may appear to be an allergic reaction, have them stop taking
the formulation. Yuan Products via
Healthpack and seek medical advice.
Reactions
to herbs may be subtle and settle after a few days. Softer stools or windiness,
for example, may only be an indication that the herbs are effectively reducing
heat in the digestive system and redirecting Qi.
A particular
long term formulation may be inappropriate if the general health changes,
for example, if flu or another virus is contracted. Should this happen, stop
taking the herbs until the problem has passed, then recommence firstly on
a lowered dosage.
It is also
probable that as the health improves on one formulation, another may become
more appropriate.
To maximize
healing with the Liver Life range it is best to follow the ancient Traditional
Chinese traditions for health maintenance. Regularity, moderation and balance
are central and should be applied to all areas of day to day life - eating,
sleeping, exercise, the emotional state.
Remember,
you and your patients are supported whilst using the formulations. Qualified
staff at Healthpack (the distributor) offer guidance for prescribing and will
be able to answer most of your queries, (telephone 01608 658941). If you feel
that you fall outside the indications or wish to consult with John Tindall
please call the YUAN support number
listed on the back page.
Yuan encourages
patients to keep abreast of changes in their symptoms and values dialogue
with those taking or prescribing the Liverlife supplements. A recording system
is in place for monitoring progression and collecting data. YUAN will be pleased
to cover all postage costs. Please call the YUAN support
number.
Please
remember that the supplements are in no way meant to take the place of regular
medical consultations. Medical supervision is needed for serious ailments
or prolonged symptoms.
Manufacturing and Quality Control
Only safe,
government approved herbs are used in these formulations. No banned ingredients
are used.
All our
formulae are manufactured in the UK in strict accordance with British Pharmaceutical
GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice) standards. This process includes:
Testing
of all ingredients prior to and throughout manufacturing to ensure bio-burdens,
pesticide residues, heavy metals and afloxins are either absent or within
allowable limits.
Consistent
monitoring of procedure by qualified technicians to ensure compliance with
GMP standards.
Issuance
of GMP certification with each batch.
QUALITY
CONTROL CHECK 1
Initial
inspection of raw herbal material including heavy metal testing, analysis
of principal constituents, microscopic and macroscopic examinations.
Raw material
is then processed according to traditional methods, and are tested for loss
on drying, ash content, foreign matter, and content of water or alcohol soluble
substances.
QUALITY
CONTROL CHECK 2
Issuance of product specs
upon shipment from Sheng Chang Pharmaceutical. Specs include, but are not
limited to, pharmaceutical name, particle size, concentration ratio, microbial
test limit etc.
QUALITY
CONTROL CHECK 3
Powders undergo testing
for afloxins, heavy metals, randomized checks, pesticide residues etc.
QUALITY
CONTROL CHECK 4
The mixed
powders are autoclaved ( a process used to eliminate any bio-burdens), then
subjected to microbial tests.
QUALITY CONTROL CHECK 5
Tablets are assessed for
compliance with the General Requirements for Tablets in the British Pharmacopeia.
Tests include uniformity of tablet weight and disintegration levels
Cool and Calm
Overall
Action: ( To nourish the Yin of the liver and kidneys.
( To move the Qi and the blood.
( To clear stagnant fire poison.
( To address 'Yin level' disharmony
Key differential
indications
Exhausted
especially in the evening.
Insomnia.
Night sweats
and hot feet at night time.
Thirst
and dry mouth.
Constipation.
Stomach acid and distension of the lower belly.
Urine dark
and scanty and often needing to go at night.
Dry and
itchy skin.
Palpitations.
Low grade
fevers especially after midday and worse at night.
Headaches
and migraines.
Hair dry and falling out.
Joint pains especially the hips and lumbar spine.
Red cheek
bones.
Memory and concentration poor.
Other indications
Vivid dreams.
Dry unproductive cough and shortness of breath.
Angry and
depressed.
Sharp pains
in the right flank and upper right quadrant.
Eyes dry,
sore, ‘floaters’ poor vision.
Nails brittle
or split and ridged.
Periods
irregular, clotted, light or heavy, painful, depressed and low energy.
Considerable
fire poison present in the body.
Contra
indications
Pregnant or likely to become so.
Colds and influenza.
Fevers.
Diarrhoea.
Productive
cough with phlegm.
Chinese
and Latin Name Traditional Chinese Therapeutic Action
Sheng Di
Huang Radix Rehmanniae To nourish Yin, cool the blood & promote body
fluid.To reduce
night sweats, improve sleep, promote bowel movement.
Ji Xue
Teng Caulis Spathlobi To nourish the blood & move the blood. To regulate
the period, reduce pain & relax the ligaments & tendons.
Dang Gui Radix Angelicae Sinensis To nourish the blood & promote circulation.
To reduce dry hair, skin, eyes, nails. To regulate the period & move the
bowels.
Qian Cao
Gen Radix Rubiae To cool the blood & promote circulation &
reduce pain in the flank & joints.
To reduce bleeding.
Bei Sha
Shen Radix Glehniae To nourish Yin & generate body fluid. To reduce
dry cough, thirst, constipation,
dry itchy skin
Mai Men
Dong Radix Ophiopogonis To nourish Yin & clear heat. To Reduce thirst,
dry cough, palpitations, insomnia, constipation.
Gou Qi
Zi Fructus Lycii To nourish the blood & vital essence of the body.
To improve weakness, blurred vision, dizziness, weak back & knees.
Yan Hu
Suo Rhizoma Corydalis To move the blood & Qi & reduce pain.
Ma Bian
Cao Herba Verbenae To clear fire toxin from the blood & liver.
Da Huang
Radix et Rhizoma Rhei To clear heat, move & cool the blood. To reduce
constipation & abdominal distension.
Zi Cao
Radix Arnebiae To clear heat, cool the blood & move the stool.
Wa Leng
Zi Concha Arcae To move blood stagnation, reduce acid & abdominal
pain.
Ban Zhi
Lian Herba Scutellariae Barbarata To clear fire toxin from the blood & liver.
Dan Shen
Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae To nourish & move the blood & break up blood
stagnation. To calm the mind, reduce palpitations & improve sleep.
Bai Ji
Li Fructus Tribuli To pacify the liver & reduce flank pain. To reduce
headaches & brighten the eyes. To reduce skin itching.
Chuan Lian
Zi Fructus Tribuli To move the Qi & reduce pain in the flank
Yu Jin
Radix Curcumae To move blood, break up blood stagnation & reduce pain.
To reduce swelling, calm the mind & improve the mood.
Ze Lan
Herba Lycopi To move blood; reduce swelling & reduce pain.
Wu Wei
Zi Fructus Schisandrae To reduce sweating, strengthen the breathing &
reduce dry cough. To calm the mind & improve the immune system.
Overall Action: ( To regulate the
Qi of the liver, spleen & stomach
( To clear damp heat
( To address 'Qi level' disharmony
Key
differential indications
1. Lassitude, apathy especially in the morning.
2. May sweat easily in the daytime, especially
before midday.
3. Poor digestion, poor appetite, nausea, acid,
bitter taste in the mouth.
4. Bloating, fullness in the epigastrium, gas,
wind, abdominal cramps, stools loose, or soft.
Muscle
ache, heavy feeling in the body.
6. Mood swings and lack of concentration.
Other indications
1. Urine: Often needing to go frequently, passing
copious amounts of clear urine.
2. Regular production of catarrh and phlegm
which is easy to bring up.
3. Intermittent feelings of alternate hot and
cold.
4. Muzzy feeling in the head.
5. Premenstrual tension: irritable, flat mood,
sore or distended breasts and abdomen.
6. Pain in the upper right quadrant & flank.
7. Considerable fire poison present in the body.
Contra indications
1. Pregnant or likely to become so
2. Colds and influenza
3. Fevers
4. Constipation, dry mouth and throat, thirst,
migraines, hot or sweating at night.
5. Taking interferon therapy.xvc
Chinese
and Latin Name Traditional
Chinese Therapeutic Action
Dang Shen,
Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae To strengthen
the Qi & body fluids & benefit the immune system.
Bai Zhu,
Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae To strengthen the Qi & dry up dampness. To improve appetite
and digestion.
Zhi Shi,
Fructus Aurantii To unblock stagnation of Qi & reduce abdominal
bloating, & wind.
Chi Shao
Yao, Radix Paenia Rubra To cool the blood & regulate the blood circulation
& clear fire From the liver.
Fu Ling,
Poria Cocos To clear damp from the body, strengthen digestion &
calm the mind.
Yin Chen
Hao, Herba Artemisiae Scopariae To clear damp & heat from
the liver and promote digestion.
Tian Ji
Huang, Hypericum Japonicum To clear fire toxin from the blood and liver.
Ji Gu
Cao, Herba Abri To clear fire toxin from the blood and liver.
Xiang Fu,
Cyperi Rotundi, Rhizoma To improve Qi circulation & soothe the liver
& regulate the period.
Shi Chang
Pu, Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii To harmonise the stomach, reduce
acid & nausea & improve concentration.
Huo Xiang,
Herba Agastaches To transform damp, reduce nausea & improve digestion
& reduce muscle ache.
Bai Dou
Kou, Fructus Amoni Rotundus To transform damp, reduce nausea & fullness in
the abdomen, & regulate digestion.
Hu Huang
Lian, Rhizoma Picrorrhizae To clear damp & heat from the liver & digestive
system. To clear heat from the blood.
Huang Qin,
Radix Scutellariae To clear damp & heat from the lungs, digestive
system gall bladder.
Ban Xia,
Rhizoma Pinelliae To reduce cough and resolve phlegm and promote digestion.
Si Gua
Lou, Retinervus Luffae Fructus To clear damp from the muscles
& reduce muscle ache & reduce cough.
Sheng Ma,Rhizoma
Cimucifuga To raise the Qi & improve the mood. To clear fire poison and promote the digestive
system.
Chai Hu,Radix
Bupleuri To resolve hot & cold feelings, regulate the
liver Qi & reduce irritability. To
raise the Qi and improve the mood.
Middle Way
Overall
Action: ( To tonify the blood and the Qi.
( To cool the blood.
( To eliminate damp heat and fire poison
( To address 'blood level' disharmony
Key differential indications
1. Tired, especially in the afternoon.
2. Thirst and desire for cold drinks.
3. Urine dark or feeling hot and painful to
pass.
4. Skin eruptions or skin hot to the touch.
5. Hot hands and feet, especially at night.
6. Poor Memory.
7 Broken blood vessels under the skin.
8. Tired or red eyes. Red palms and nail beds.
9. Tremor or twitching of the muscles.
10. Periods: painful, heavy, clotted and emotionally
volatile.
Other indications
1. Feelings of heat: frequent or persistent
and worse after midday.
2. Nose bleeds, blood in the urine or stools.
3. Dry skin, hair and nails.
4. Headaches.
5. Palpitations.
6. Stools incomplete or hard to pass.
7. Disturbed sleep, grinding the teeth at night
or nightmares.
8. Muscle ache and joint pains especially the
knee, ankles, elbows and wrists.
9. Low mood, irritable and outbursts of anger.
10. Pain in the upper right quadrant and right
flank.
11. Considerable fire poison present in the body.
Contra indications
1. Pregnant or likely to become so.
2. Cold and influenza.
3. Fevers.
4. Diarrhea or loose stools.
5. Cough and phlegm.
6. Migraines.
7. Taking interferon therapy
Chinese and Latin Name Traditional Chinese Therapeutic Action
Tai Zi Shen Radix Pseudostellariae To strengthen the Qi & body fluids, reduce
thirst & improve the immune system.
Sheng Di Huang Radix Rehmanniae To cool the blood & nourish the Yin, reduce
thirst, hot flushes, bleeding, poor sleep.
Mu Dan Pi Cortex Moutan To cool the blood & clear fire from the
liver & reduce bleeding. Moves
the blood & reduce congestion.
Chi Shao Yao Radix Paeonia Rubra To clear heat & cool the blood. Regulates blood circulation & clears fire
from the liver.
Hu Zhang Rhizoma
Polygoni Cuspidati To clear fire toxin from the blood & liver.
Zao Xiu Rhizoma Paradis
To clear fire toxin
from the blood & liver.
Qian Cao Gen Radix Rubiae To cool blood & reduce bleeding. To promote circulation & reduce pain in
the flank & joints.
Dan Shen Radix Salvia Mitiorhizae To move the blood, nourish the blood, break
up blood stagnation, calm the mind & improve the sleep.
Xuan Shen Radix Scrophuleriae To clear heat & cool the blood. To nourish
Yin & promote body fluids, reduce thirst & skin eruptions.
Yi Mu Cao Herba Leonuri To move the blood & break up stagnation.
To regulate the periods & promote urination.
Hong
Hua Flos Carthami To move
the blood & break up stagnation. To regulate the periods & general
circulation.
Zhi
Zi Fructus Gardeniae To
clear heat & reduce irritability; insomnia, restlessness. To clear damp
heat from the liver. To reduce swelling, cool the blood & reduce bleeding.
Long Dan Cao Radix Gentiana To clear fire toxin & damp heat from the
liver. To reduce headache, red painful eyes, thirst & constipation, swelling
& pain in the flank.
Dang Gui Radix Angelicae Sinensis To nourish the blood &
promote circulation. To reduce palpitations, dry skin & hair & nails.
To move the bowels & regulate the period.
Qin Jiao Radix Gentiana Macrocephalae To clear damp heat from the liver, move the
stool, clear internal heat and reduce joint pain and cramp.
Sheng Gan Cao Radix Glycyrrhizae To reduce palpitations, harmonise the body,
reduce spasm & pain. To clear poison from the body.
Yin Chai Hu Radix Bepleuri To regulate the liver Qi, reduce irritability,
improve the mood & reduce flank pain.
Eliminator
Indications
Need or
desire to achieve a greater “fire-poison” [fire poison, refers the inability
of the liver to clear and remove toxic elements].
This product
should only be used in conjunction with Peaceful River, Middle Way or Cool
& Calm. It is designed to increase the effect of reducing 'fire-poison'.
Dosage.
Start with 1 tablet at a time to be taken simultaneously with the others.
Take up to 2 tablets twice per day. This formulation is designed for long
term usage and action.
Contra indications
1. Pregnant or likely to become so.
2. Colds, influenza & fevers.
3. Not Taking Peaceful River, Middle Way or
Cool & Calm.
4. Diarrhoea, poor digestion, weak stomach.
Adjunct
This formulation
has been designed to be taken in conjunction with interferon based therapy.
It is shortly to be subjected to clinical tests to measure it's ability to
offset the side effects and enhance the efficacy of the pharmaceutical approach.
In terms
or Chinese medicine this formulation is designed with the objective of supporting
the energy of both liver and the kidneys. The kidney energy is particularly important in the light of the
fact that interferon is observed to exert a heat promoting effect. In terms
of the fifth element system the effect is one of the wood element,[the liver],heating
up to such an extent that the Yin of the water element,[the kidney], whose
function is to keep the body cool is consumed. This heat promoting cycle may
eventually precipitated a collapse in kidney energy.
Clinical
parameters of depleted to kidney and Yin include lowered blood platelets and
hemoglobin, depressed immune response, chronic fatigue syndrome, arthritis,
raised temperature. Measurable subjective parameters include general weakness,
feeling hot, the face, apathy/lethargy, loss of libido, genito-urinary problems,
depression, graying or loss of air, aging.
The us symptoms overlap heavily within the known side effect of interferon
therapy.
As a matter
of medical safety and courtesy we would ask that people using or prescribing
this product advise the doctor prescribing the interferon therapy.
Further
information may be obtained by calling 01225 858606
Availability
The product
is available in Canada from:
Eastern
Currents
Unit 200A
3540 West 41st Ave.
Vancouver,
BC
V6N 3E6
Ph: 604-263-5042
Fax: 604-263-8781
John Stan
As of December
2, 1999
Price for
all Products 60 tabs $35.00
120 tabs $55.00
Plus shipping
and handling for out of town orders
YUAN s in London England
YUAN Products
Support Phone Number: 01225 858606
YUAN Website
Address: http://www.yuancentre.com
The new
YUAN Clinic for private patients and N.S. referrals will be opening in London in Autumn 1999.
The clinic
will form part of a larger centre which provides;
Treatment
for a wide range of conditions by;
Traditional Chinese Herbal Therapy
Ear and body acupuncture
Nutritional Therapy
A Life
Masteries Programme which encompasses;
Hua Gong – healing exercises
Shen Qi – the art of communication
Nutritional and lifestyle therapy
Ear acupuncture
For booking
and enquiries please telephone 01225 858606.
Other resources
The Hepatitis
C Handbook by Matthew Dolan contains comprehensive and balanced information
about hepatitis.
The Yuan
College 'Liver Wellness Manual' is a self help manual containing detailed
information about the promotion of liver health using natural methods.
Call Yuan
Products support number for further details about these and other resources.
Top Herbal Products Encountered in Drug Information Requests:
Part 2
source: http://www.medscape.com/SCP/DBT/1998/v10.n06/d5131.mull/d5131.mull-01.html
Julie L. Muller,
PharmD, Kevin A. Clauson
Abstract
Herbal medicine
is big business. Long popular in many parts of the world, its use has increased
dramatically in the US in recent years. Product sales now number in the billions
of dollars and are increasing by about 25% annually. Heightened interest in
herbal remedies has also spurred controlled scientific research into their
efficacy and safety. In Part 2 of their article, the investigators review
the indications, dosing, side effects, and possible drug interactions of 2
of the top sellers St. John’s wort and saw palmetto. [Drug Benefit Trends
10(6):21-23, 31, 1998. © 1998 SCP Communications, Inc.]
Introduction
There are relatively
few research studies on herbal medications, particularly when considering
their widespread and increasing use. But in addition to the hyperbole that
occurs when herbal medications are discussed or written about, there have
been studies. This paper summarizes the key studies that exist with regard
to St. John’s wort and saw palmetto in order to help determine the basis for
claims made on their behalf.
St. John’s wort,
or Hypericum perforatum, is a herbaceous perennial found throughout the US
and Europe that grows to a height of 1 to 3 feet and has bright yellow flowers.
Its signature appearance is noted by its leaves, which are marked by small
black dots containing red pigment and translucent spots. The red pigment contains
hypericin, which is generally accepted to be its primary active ingredient.[1,2]
Pseudohypericin and other constituents like flavonoids and xanthones are also
being examined more closely for their pharmacologic activity.[3]
St. John’s wort
has 3 main actions: antiviral, antibacterial, and antidepressant. The antiviral
properties of St. John’s wort have been fairly well documented; researchers
at New York University Medical Center and the Weizman Institute of Science
in Israel reported in 1988 that hypericin and pseudohypericin inhibited a
murine immunodeficiency virus by affecting the retroviral infection and replication
cycle. Suppression of a retrovirus in animals suggests the possibility of
hypericin’s potential in human AIDS.[4] Further studies since this breakthrough
have confirmed its ability to inactivate the human immunodeficiency virus
type-1 (HIV-1), and other studies are under way.[5]
The antibacterial
activity of hypericin is not well researched; however, some documentation
does exist for its actions against Escherichia coli and other gram-negative
organisms.[6] The primary antidepressive mechanism of St. John’s wort is its
ability to inhibit monoamine oxidase (MAO), but it has also been demonstrated
to inhibit the reuptake of serotonin.[2,7]
The antidepressant
activity of St. John’s wort has been the most extensively researched and has
received the most attention by the media, including coverage in Newsweek and
on 20/20.[8,9]
A recent meta-analysis
examined 23 randomized trials including a total of 1757 outpatients diagnosed
with mild-to-moderate depressive disorders.[10] Of these, 8 were comparative
to standard prescribed antidepressants and 15 were placebo-controlled trials.
After assessing the data, the investigators concluded that the Hypericum extracts
were significantly superior to the placebo in treating mild-to-moderate depression
and were similarly effective as standard antidepressant regimens. Additionally,
side effects were reported by only 19.8% of the patients taking the Hypericum
versus 52.8% of the patients taking standard prescribed antidepressant medications.
Again, the final verdict was positive, tempered by the desire to see studies
with more well-defined groups of patients for longer durations.[10]
Twenty-seven
studies involving the use of St. John’s wort for the treatment of depression
are summarized in Table 1.[11] Specific preparations of the herbal extract
that are available in Europe were used, including Psychotonin, Jarsin, Sedariston,
and Neurapas, which is a combination product of Hypericum, Valeria, Passiflorsae,
Coridalis cavae, and Eschscholixiae. Clinical efficacy was evaluated using
both subjective and objective assessment tools such as the Hamilton Depression
Scale (HAM-D), von Zerssen Depression Scale (D-S), Beschwerden List (B-L),
Clinical Global Impressions (CGI), Symptom complaint inventory (BEB), von
Zerssen Self-rating Scale (Bf-s), Lehrls Short Test on General Information
Processing (KAI), Self-rating Depressive Scale (SDS), Hamilton Anxiety Scale
(HAMA), and State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Overall, in all but 4 of
the 27 studies, patients taking St. John’s wort had greater improvement in
their depressive symptoms, compared to the groups taking a placebo or a standard
prescribed antidepressant.
Efforts have
been made to initiate similar trials in the US that would add to the wealth
of information already available. The National Institutes of Health (NIH)
Office of Alternative Medicine (OAM), in conjunction with the recently formed
Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS), has initiated a 3-year, $4.3 million
study of the efficacy of St. John’s wort in the treatment of major depression.
This trial will be coordinated at Duke University Medical Center and will
include approximately 336 patients who will be randomly assigned to receive
St. John’s wort, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), or placebo.
The biggest
problems with St. John’s wort are calculation of an appropriate dose and a
litany of side effects and contraindications. The dosage question has become
easier to solve, as the industry has begun to adopt a standard 0.3% hypericin
extract, which is the concentration generally used in the studies that have
been conducted thus far. The recommended dose for an adult is 300mg taken
3 times daily.[12]
Side effects
can be many, and not all available literature and labeling list every possible
reaction. Most of the comprehensive texts list mild gastrointestinal disturbances,
fatigue, pruritus, and weight fluctuation. Photosensitivity may occur; however,
this reaction has been seen mostly in livestock that have been grazing on
the plant itself.[13] There has been only one documented case of human photosensitivity
thus far.[14] There is also a precaution against taking foods and drugs that
interact with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI), such as tyramine-containing
foods, alcoholic beverages, narcotics, and amphetamines. More recently, warnings
have surfaced about the dangers of the concurrent use of serotonergic agents
inducing serotonin syndrome, since evidence is showing that St. John’s wort
may act as an SSRI.[15]
Saw Palmetto
Saw palmetto,
also known as Serenoa repens or Sabal serrulata, is a fan palm that typically
grows 6 to 10 feet high and has leaf clusters that average 2 feet across.
The plant is primarily found along the Atlantic coastline from South Carolina
to Florida, but it is also native to the West Indies. The bioactive part is
derived from the red-brown or black berries of the plant that contain pharmacologically
significant free fatty acids and sterols.[16]
French researchers
made the first serious contributions toward isolating these lipophilic extracts,
which later gave rise to the identification of the plant’s mechanism of action
in benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH).[17] Initially, saw palmetto was thought
to work solely by inhibiting the intraprostatic conversion of testosterone
to dihydrotestosterone (DHT). However, more recent findings indicate that
it only weakly prevents the actions of 5 alpha-reductase; rather, it exerts
its effect cumulatively by also blocking the binding and transport of DHT
and by exhibiting an anti-estrogenic activity in the prostate tissue.[18,19]
Less commonly, it is thought to have anti-inflammatory activities, specifically
on the prostate.[20]
Although proponents
of saw palmetto claim a variety of beneficial properties, including treatment
of asthma, bronchitis, and breast enlargement in women, BPH is the only indication
with substantial documentation.[12,21] Clinical studies from as early as 1969
have supported the potential for saw palmetto use in treating BPH, but the
recent explosion of available data has made it much easier to evaluate its
effectiveness.[22]
The opinions
put forth in the literature regarding the use of saw palmetto to treat BPH
can be categorized into 1 of 2 classifications: (1) positive/cautiously optimistic
or (2) borderline unhealthy skepticism. Within the former category are conclusions
drawn from a 1996 study of more than 1000 subjects in which saw palmetto was
compared with finasteride (Proscar, Merck and Co., West Point, Pa.).[23] The
International Prostate Symptom score improved by 37% in the saw palmetto group
compared with a 39% improvement in the finasteride group. Further, no statistically
significant differences were found between the treatment groups for improvement
in patient self-rated quality-of-life scores and the primary endpoint of objective
symptom score. The researchers called for further comparative trials to support
their findings.
A double-blind,
placebo-controlled study of saw palmetto as a treatment for BPH found a 50%
decrease in episodes of nocturia and a 42% decrease in residual urine volume
in the group using saw palmetto extract. The placebo group’s only clinically
significant change was an increase of residual urine of 9%.[24]
In perhaps the
largest prospective study conducted to date, 2080 men suffering from BPH were
treated with a combination of saw palmetto and urtica root for a 3-month period.
Pre- and post-treatment evaluations showed the following significant improvements:
26% increase in maximum urinary flow, 44.7% reduction in residual urine, 62.5%
reduction in painful urination, and 50% reduction in nocturia.[25,26]
A 1997 literature
review examined several phytopharmaceutical agents, including saw palmetto;
it evaluated both in vitro and in vivo studies along with placebo-controlled
clinical studies. The conclusion was that the use of saw palmetto for mild-to-moderate
BPH seemed to be well justified, but also suggested more follow-up was warranted.[27]
Two years earlier, the same journal had published an article condemning the
use of phytopharmaceuticals, stating they were no better than placebo.[28]
The investigators asserted that the proposed mechanism of action of saw palmetto
(blocking 5 alpha-reductase) had not been properly documented by scientific
observation. They suggested a study design in which subjective parameters,
such as urodynamic flow, are analyzed and compared to a proven drug such as
Proscar.
A recent US
study coordinated at the University of Chicago evaluated the use of saw palmetto
in 50 men with untreated BPH. The patients completed symptom questionnaires
and serum prostate-specific antigen levels were drawn in addition to urodynamic
evaluations. The results reflected significant subjective improvement with
minimal or no change in objective parameters. An upcoming placebo-controlled
trial is scheduled at the same institution.[29]
There is apparently
a diversity of opinion in the medical community concerning the use of saw
palmetto, as well as herbal products in general. Saw palmetto is recommended
for use in mild-to-moderate (stages I and II) BPH; the recommended dosage
is 160mg twice daily.[24] The only reported side effect in studies to date
has been mild gastrointestinal disturbance. There are no known contraindications
or interactions with any commonly prescribed drugs.[30] However, this is an
agent for which researchers agree there is a need for further studies. Until
that time, widespread use of saw palmetto in Europe, and to a lesser extent
in the US, offers at least a subjective testimony to its safety and efficacy.
References for:
Top Herbal Products Encountered in Drug Information Requests: Part 2
[Drug Benefit
Trends 10(6):21-23, 31, 1998. © 1998 SCP Communications, Inc.]
1.Monograph, Saint John’s Wort. Lawrence
Review of Natural Products, January 1995. 2.Suzuki O, Katsumata Y, Oya M,
et al: Inhibitions of monoamine oxidase by hypericin. Planta Med 50:272-274,
1984. 3.Holzl J, et al: Investigations about antidepressive and mood changing
effects of Hypericum perforatum. Planta Med 55:643, 1989. 4.Meruelo D, Lavie
G, Lavie D: Therapeutic agents with dramatic antiretroviral activity and little
toxicity at therapeutic doses: Aromatic polycyclic diones hypericin and pseudohypericin.
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86:5230-5234, 1988. 5.Hudson JB, Lopez-Bazzocchi I,
Towers GH: Antiviral activities of hypericin. Antiviral Res 15(2):101-112,
1991. 6.Shakirova KK, Garagulia AD, Khazanouvich RL: Antimicrobial properties
of some species of St. John’s wort cultivated in Uzbekistan. Mikrobiol Zh
32:494-497, 1970. 7.Perovic S, et al: Pharmacological profile of hypericum
extract: Effect on serotonin uptake by postsynaptic receptors. Arzneimittelforschung
45:1145-1148, 1995. 8.Miller S: Natural Health Booster. New York, Newsweek,
May 5, 1997. 9.Walters B: St. John’s Wort Transcript. New York, 20/20, June
27, 1997. 10.Linde K, Ramirez G, Mulrow CD, et al: St. John’s wort for depression:
An overview and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. BMJ 313:253-258,
1996. 11.Bloomfield H: Hypericum & depression. Los Angeles, Prelude Press,
1996. 12.Murray MT: The Healing Power of Herbs. Rocklin, Prima Publishing,
1995. 13.Araya OS, Ford EJ: An investigation of the type of photosensitization
caused by the ingestion of St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum) by calves.
J Comp Pathol 91:135-141, 1981. 14.Golsch S, et al: Reversible increase in
photosensitivity to U-B caused by St. John’s wort extract. Hautarzt 48:249-252,
1997. 15.Wincor MZ, et al: St. John’s wort and the treatment of depression.
US Pharmacist 22:88-97, 1997. 16.Monograph, Saw Palmetto. Lawrence Review
of Natural Products, March 1994. 17.Duke JA: Handbook of Medicinal Herbs.
Boca Raton, CRC Press, 1985. 18.Carilla E, Briley M, Fauran F, et al: Binding
of Permixon, a new treatment for prostatic benign hyperplasia, to the cytosolic
androgen receptor in the rat prostate. J Steroid Biochem 20:521-523, 1984.
19.Di Silverio F, D’Eramo G, Lubrano C, et al: Evidence that Serenoa repens
extract displays antiestrogenic activity in prostatic tissue of benign prostatic
hypertrophy patients. Eur Urol 21:309-314, 1992. 20.Mowrey, D: The Scientific
Validation of Herbal Medicine. New Canaan, Keats Publishing, 1986. 21.Tyler
VE: The Honest Herbal: A Sensible Guide to the Use of Herbs and Related Remedies,
ed 3. New York, Pharmaceutical Products Press, 1993. 22.Elghamry MI, Hansel
R: Activity and isolated phytoestrogen of shrub palmetto fruits (Serenoa repens
Small), a new estrogenic plant. Experientia 25:828-829, 1969. 23.Plosker GL,
Brogden RN: Serenoa repens: A review of its pharmacology and therapeutic efficacy
in benign prostatic hyperplasia. Drugs Aging 9:379-395, 1996. 24.Champlault
G, Patel SC, Bonnan AM: A double-blind trial of an extract of the plant Serenoa
repens in benign prostatic hyperplasia. Br J Clin Pharmacol 18:461-462, 1984.
25.Schneider HJ, Honola E, Masuhr T, et al: Treatment of benign prostatic
hyperplasia: Results of a surveillance study in the practices of urological
specialists using a combined plant-based preparation. Fortschr Med 113:37-40,
1995. 26.Murray MT: Encyclopedia of Nutritional Supplements. Rocklin, Prima
Publishing, 1996. 27.Bracher F: Phytotherapy of benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Urologie 36(1): 10-17, 1997. 28.Dreikorn, et al: Status of phytotherapeutic
drugs in treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Urologie 34:119-129, 1995.
29.Gerber GS, et al: Serenoa repens (saw palmetto) in men with benign prostatic
hyperplasia (BPH): Effects on voiding symptoms, urodynamic parameters, and
serum prostate antigen (PSA). J Urol 157(suppl):S331, 1997. 30.Brown DJ: Herbal
Prescriptions for Better Health. Rocklin, Prima Publishing, 1996.
Dr. Muller is Assistant Professor and
Assistant Director, Drug Information Center, University of Tennessee, College
of Pharmacy, Memphis, Tenn. Mr. Clauson is a PharmD candidate at the University
of Tennessee, Memphis.
Naturopathic Treatment of Hepatitis C
by Dr. David Bayley, BScK., N.D. ©
PART
ONE: Clinical Indications for the use of Lipotrophic Factors.
PART
TWO: Vitamins and minerals.
PART
THREE: Homeopathic preparations.
Vis
Medicatrix Naturae (The healing power of nature) is the guiding principle
for Naturopathic Medicine. Naturopathic Physicians (ND's) receive the same
four years of premed as MD's and the same four years of basic medical training.
MD's go on and receive further training in disease care in hospital settings
where as ND's receive extra training in Clinical Nutrition, Chinese medicine,
physical therapy, spinal manipulation, homeopathy, botanical medicine and
counseling. Naturopathic treatment of chronic diseases like Hepatitis C is
very successful because it supports the body's own defense and repair mechanisms.
The
liver is a complex and remarkable organ. It acts as a blood reservoir and
destroys bacteria and endotoxins. This protects us from infections and poisoning
by our own waste. The liver destroys antigen antibody complexes which protect
us from allergies and autoimmune diseases. It also stores vitamins and minerals,
produces bile, removes steroids and protests us from drugs, pesticides, and
other toxic chemicals. The liver has many other functions as well so it is
easy to understand how any impairment of liver function can lead to ailments
associated with hepatitis.
In
many cases of Hepatitis C liver enzymes are normal on lab tests yet the patient
feels unwell. This is due to subclinical hepatic dysfunction. Subclinical
means that one or many of the above mentioned liver functions is impaired
but not enough to register on a lab test.
In
chronic hepatitis, inflammatory changes can lead to bridging fibrosis, which
can lead to cirrhosis.
Several
substances offer significant liver protection: antioxidants, membrane stabilizing
compounds, choleretics, ( stimulate bile secretion of liver ), compounds that
either enhance or inhibit certain functions of the liver microsomal enzymes,
and compounds that prevent depletion of non-protein sulfhydryl compounds such
as glutathione.
A
diet rich in dietary fiber increases cholesterol and bile acid circulation
in and excretion from the liver. Anti-oxidants such as Vitamins C and E, zinc
and selenium are essential in protecting the liver from free radical damage
secondary to viral activity.
Methionine
is an essential sulfur- containing amino acid. Methionine works in conjunction
with vitamin B12 and folate to help protect the liver from damage from alcohol,
endotoxins, steroids, drugs, chemicals and viral hepatitis.
(extracts)
can be quite effective in the treatment of chronic liver diseases, including
chronic active hepatitis. Numerous scientific investigations into the efficacy
of liver extracts have demonstrated that these extracts possess a lipotropic
effect, promote tissue respiration and liver regeneration, and have anti-fibrotic
activity. It is fibrotic activity secondary to viral activity that leads to
cirrhosis of the liver.
Dandelion
is one of the best liver remedies, both as food and medicine. It has a Vitamin
A content higher than carrots. Studies in humans and laboratory animals have
shown that dandelion enhances the flow of bile, improving such conditions
as liver congestion, bile duct inflammation, hepatitis, gallstones and jaundice.
Catechin
is a flavonoid formerly known as Vitamin P. It has demonstrated a variety
of liver protective actions possessing antioxidant, free radical scavenging,
choleretic, membrane stabilizing and immunostimulatory effects. Catechin has
been shown to be quite effective in treating a variety of acute and chronic
liver diseases, including viral hepatitis.
The
common milk thistle plant (silybum marianum) contains some of the most potent
liver protective substances known. Silybum's effect in preventing liver destruction
relates to it ability to inhibit factors that are responsible for the damage
(free radicals and leukotrienes). The most exciting effect of silybum components
on the liver is their ability to stimulate protein synthesis. The result is
an increase in the production of new liver cells to replace the damaged old
ones. In human studies, silymarin has been shown to have significant positive
effects in treating cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis.
Lack
of space prohibits discussion of the full scope of Naturopathic treatment
of Hepatitis C. Suffice to say there is huge potential for invoking the body's
natural healing ability. I strongly recommend that the use of the above mentioned
substances be done so under the supervision of a Licensed Naturopathic Physician.
Stay
tuned for more on vitamins, minerals, and homeopathic medicines.
To
understand the role of vitamins and minerals in hepatitis it might be useful
to review some definitions and basic liver functions.
Metabolism
is a Greek word meaning to change. When the liver or any other part of the
body metabolizes something it is to make that something more useable or less
toxic. For example, the liver can metabolize protein (change it) to glucose.
The muscles can metabolize glucose to energy. The liver metabolizes many drugs
to activate them. It also metabolizes many waste products and unwanted drugs
and toxins to break them down and prepare them for elimination from the body.
Smoking, caffeine, junk food and many drugs inhibit liver metabolism. Metabolism
is usually already impaired in the liver when there is inflammation (i.e.
hepatitis) so further inhibitions should be avoided. Some drugs have the opposite
effect and speed up liver metabolism so much that the liver becomes damaged
by the intermediate products produced by its own metabolism. Alcohol, Phenobarbital,
and acetaminophen are examples of inducers (speed up) of liver metabolism.
Vitamins
are essential for metabolism processes but can not be made by the body and
must therefore come from foods or vitamin pills. Many minerals are also essential
for the proper functioning of metabolism processes.
All
of the B vitamins are involved in energy metabolism. The liver requires lots
of energy to remove waste from the body. The liver's energy is impaired during
infection so a B vitamin complex of 100 mg/day helps most hepatitis patients
feel better. Some B vitamins should also be injected. Vitamin B6 for example,
is important in the formation of protein, neuro-transmitters, red blood cells,
hormones and in the function of the immune system. Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)
needs to be activated by the liver to pyridoxal-5-phosphate before it can
be used by the rest of the body.
People
with active liver disease have difficulty activating B6, so weekly injections
of the active form by their physician can help with many hepatitis symptoms.
An extra source of magnesium (150 mg/ day) is a good idea because most of
vitamin B6's activity is magnesium dependent. Vitamin B2 (found in the B Complex)
is essential for B6 activation.
If
you are going to get B6 injections from your physician, it would be a good
idea to include vitamin B12. Vitamin B12 injections can help with symptoms
of fatigue, depression, stress, memory loss, tendonitis, asthma and numbness.
Even when blood tests indicate serum B12 levels are normal, injections often
help you to feel better. Most of the body's B12 is stored in the liver. These
stores are effected by liver diseases.
Much
of the damage sustained by the liver during inflammation is due to oxidation
and free radical damage. This is the process by which we grow old. When we
have an inflamed organ like in hepatitis that aging process is fast forwarded!
Vitamin
E is the body's most important antioxidant and free radical scavenger. I usually
recommend 400IU/day of clear base vitamin E plus selenium 50 - 150 IU and
vitamin C 1000-3000 mg/day. Vitamin E doesn't work without selenium and is
regenerated in the body by vitamin C.
Vitamin
C is also an antioxidant, enhances immune system activity, is anti-viral,
and has many effects similar to interferon.
There
has been some exciting research showing that intravenous vitamin C can greatly
improve acute viral hepatitis in 2 - 4 days. This is a procedure that only
some naturopathic physicians and specially trained MDs are familiar with.
Many
patients with advanced liver disease develop a multitude of skin lesions.
These usually clear up quickly with zinc supplements. White spots in your
finger nails can be a sign of zinc deficiency. Zinc also reverses neurological
damage caused by Wilson's disease (a copper storage disease of the liver).
A dose of 10-15 mg/day of zinc citrate or zinc picolinate is safe and effective.
Higher doses should be taken under an N.D. or M.D. 's supervision.
One
of the most important metabolism functions of the liver is a process called
methylation. S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) is the liver's most important methyl
donor. A healthy liver can make as much SAM as it needs. Unfortunately SAM
production is impaired in hepatitis. Oral administration of SAM (800 mg/day)
has been demonstrated to improve symptoms of pain, moods, fatigue, morning
stiffness, bile flow, general malaise, digestive disturbances, allergies,
chemical sensitivities, PMS, constipation, and is protective against liver
cancer in patients with chronic liver disease. Not bad for something that's
cheap and has no side effects.
And
finally, remember this: even doctors are warned not to treat themselves. You
can not be objective and therefore effective when self medicating. Seek the
help of a naturopathic physician before using these substances. Natural is
not a synonym for safe, so natural medications need to be treated with respect.
Stay
tuned for more on glandulars and the homeopathic treatment of hepatitis C.
Until
the discovery of antibodies and society's fascination with powerful drugs,
homeopathic medicine was the dominant medicine practiced around the world.
Even today, society's rich and famous (including Britain's Royal Family) employ
physician's trained in the use of Homeopathic Medicine. Homeopathy has withstood
the scrutiny of modern scientific "blind" studies and today you
would be hard pressed to find a drugstore that doesn't stock homeopathic medicines.
The
term "homeopathy" is derived from the Greek words homeo, meaning
similar, and pathos meaning suffering. The medicines used in this field are
chosen according to the Law of Similars ( the concept of like curing like
), a fundamental homeopathic principle based upon the observed relationship
between a medicine's ability to produce a specific constellation of signs
and symptoms in a healthy individual and the same medicine's ability to cure
a sick patient with similar signs and symptoms. This principle was first recognized
by Hippocrates, who noticed that herbs given in low doses tended to cure the
same symptoms they produced when given in toxic doses.
Today,
homeopathic medicines are derived from plants, minerals, and organic and inorganic
chemicals. They are prepared according to strict standards of the Homeopathic
Pharmacopoeia and the FDA.
In
diseases like Hepatitis C, homeopathic medicines stimulate the body's defense
and healing mechanisms. One of the problems with the Hepatitis C virus is
that the body's immune system has difficulty recognizing it and mounting an
effective attack (acute reaction). The body then mounts a chronic and inconclusive
attack against the virus which only serves to cause chronic liver inflammation.
Homeopathic medicines stimulate the body to recognize and more effectively
deal with infections like Hepatitis C Virus.
Homeopathic
Phosphorus used in very low potencies is always the remedy of choice for acute
hepatitis of any sort. Phosphorus in its elemental form irritates, inflames
and degenerates every tissue and organ of the body. It produces a picture
of jaundice and destructive metabolism of the liver. Phosphorus as a homeopathic
medicine (think of it as being in a vaccine form or a recording of elemental
phosphorus) stimulates the body to undo these very same symptoms. Sub-acute
Hepatitis C is associated with a constellation of symptoms that are treated
with homeopathic "drainage" remedies appropriate for each type of
symptom. Diarrhea associated with prostration, anxiety and enlarged painful
liver is treated with homeopathic Arsenicum Album 6c. Where as constipation
with large stools and painful liver that feels better with pressure ( holding
your right side ) is treated with Bryonia 6c. Similarly, homeopathic China
and Lycopodium treat headaches and exhaustion and Chionanthus 6c treats itchy
skin.
Chronic
Hepatitis C can be treated using homeopathic Gallbladder, Hepatine, Nephrine
and Pancreine.
These
are just a few of the homeopathic medicines that are typically used in hepatitis.
There are many that may be appropriate and are prescribed to treat the unique
symptomatology of each patient. A concept used by physicians using these medicines
is that of "pathological layers." The outer layer ( think of an
onion ) is the acute pathology and must be treated first. The next layer or
sub-acute layer corresponds to poor hepatic circulation or sluggish liver
syndrome and is usually treated with homeopathic drainage medicines. The deeper
layers deal with patient's blocks to their own healing. This may be caused
by toxins or heavy metals and appropriate medicines are then prescribed to
stimulate the constitution to remove these blocks.
Finally,
the deepest layers are stimulated which deal with the patient's constitution.
Accordingly these are called constitutional remedies. We inherit our constitutions
and each constitutional type tends to complain in a way that is unique to
that constitution.
Acute
Hepatitis
Phosphorus 12
c once a day
drainage:
Carducis Marianus 6c or
Chelidonium 6c
or
Podophyllum 6c
or Sepia 6c
diarrhea: Arsenicum
Album 6c
constipation: Bryonia
6c
Magnesia
Muratica 6c
headaches:
China 6c
Lycopodium
6c
exhausting Mercurius
Solubilis 6c
night sweats
itching:
Chionanthus 6c
Chronic Hepatitis first month: Gallbladder 6c
Hepatine 6c
Nephrine 6c
Pancreine 6c
second month: China
Chionanthus
Hydrastis
Iris Versicolor
Podohyllum
Most
of these medicines are chosen to match the symptoms produced by each individual.
No two people produce exactly the same symptoms of hepatitis so it makes sense
that the medicines are chosen to stimulate the patient to deal with their
own unique set of symptoms.
The
advantage of Homeopathic Medicines over other therapies is their highly individualized
and specific function and their low cost and safety. It is rare that a homeopathic
medicine costs more that $20 for a 1-2 month supply.
There
are many highly skilled physicians, both N.D.'s and M.D.'s who are trained
in this field of medicine. You need only ask your pharmacist or the B.C.N.A.
office (604-736-6646) for a referral.
©1997
Dr. David Bayley for HepC VSG.
All
Rights Reserved.
Correspondence
can be directed to Dr. David Bayley.
Dr.
Bayley can be reached at the Delbrook Naturopathic Clinic (604)986-9191
Experimental and Alternative Therapies for
Liver Disease
source: http://www.projinf.org/hh/liver.html
Project Inform Hotline Handout
Notes from the Underground 34, The PWA Health Group Newsletter 1996 December
The following therapies
have been studied or proposed by proponents as treatments for liver disease.
They are unapproved in the U.S. and may entail risks of unexpected toxicities
or drug interactions.
Ribavirin - a nucleoside analog (like AZT, ddI and ddC). Ribavirin
has shown little efficacy against HIV but may be useful as a treatment for
chronic hepatitis C. It is active against HCV in the test tube, and a trial
at the NIH has shown interesting results in individuals with chronic hepatitis
C.[1] Of the sixteen given drug (600 mg twice daily for twelve months), four
"responded" (normal levels of ALT, a liver enzyme), and seven had
a "partial response". After therapy was stopped, ALT levels rose
in most patients, indicating renewed liver damage. Small studies in Italy
and Taiwan suggest that the combination of ribavirin and alpha interferon
may be more effective than alpha interferon alone in treating HCV.[2] Ribavirin
is an over- the-counter drug in Mexico and available through the PWA Health
Group in New York (212/255-0520). The manufacturer has filed an application
requesting FDA approval of the drug for hepatitis C. (Test-tube studies indicate
that ribavirin may cancel out the anti- HIV effect of AZT and enhance the
effect of ddI - although no human data support this observation.)
Lamivudine (3TC) - a nucleoside analog developed by Glaxo Pharmaceuticals
that is active against both HIV and hepatitis B in the test tube. Human phase
II trials of lamivudine in chronic hepatitis B are nearing conclusion, and
a phase III trial is set to begin this fall. An expanded access program is
presently under way for HIV-infected adults and children with CD4 counts of
less than 300. Eligible individuals must have failed or be intolerant to approved
anti-HIV therapies. They also must be unable to qualify for ongoing clinical
trials. Physicians may call Glaxo at 800/248-9757 for information.
Alpha Thymosin - a synthesized thymic peptide that showed promise
in phase I trials for chronic hepatitis B as well as HIV. A recent phase III
trial indicated that it may be no better than placebo for hepatitis B, though.
[See Treatment Issues, May 1994; vol. 8, no. 4.] Tests are underway using
thymosin combined with alpha interferon for both hepatitis B and C.
Thymic Humoral Factor (THF) - another thymic hormone. It too has
been investigated as a treatment for HIV. A small British study reported that
the combination of THF and alpha interferon is beneficial in patients with
chronic hepatitis B who have failed alpha interferon alone.[3]
N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC) - a derivative of cysteine, which is essential
for the production of the antioxidant glutathione in the body. NAC is being
studied as a treatment for HIV and is used to treat acetaminophen (Tylenol)
poisoning, which damages the liver. A small study in Spain reports that NAC
may enhance the effectiveness of alpha interferon in people with chronic hepatitis
C.[4] The Spanish investigators think that HCV, like HIV, causes a depletion
in glutathione levels. Fourteen patients with chronic hepatitis C who had
failed alpha interferon were given NAC (orally, 600 mg, three times a day).
Six patients had a normalization of liver tests and eight had a "marked
reduction in HCV virus levels." NAC had no effect without alpha interferon
in these patients.
Beta Interferon - a second type of the interferon that has shown
promise in small studies for treatment of chronic and acute hepatitis C. In
one Japanese study, eleven of twelve patients with acute HCV infection experienced
significant benefits from beta interferon.[5] Another Japanese study reported
that beta interferon (nine million units twice weekly for four weeks) produced
a "remarkable decrease in HCV DNA at the end of treatment."[6] But
a recent Italian study, found that natural beta interferon was significantly
inferior to alpha interferon in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C.[7] Beta
Interferon (brand name: Betaseron, produced by Triton Biosciences of Alameda,
California) is an approved treatment for multiple sclerosis. It can cause
side effects similar to alpha interferon.
Astragalus - an herb used in China (Astragalus memranaceious),
reportedly for the purpose of boosting the immune system and preventing chemotherapy-related
bone marrow suppression and nausea. There are some reports that astragalus
protects the liver against toxicities from drugs, a claim supported by some
cursory controlled studies. [See Treatment Issues, January 1994; vol. 7, no.
11-12.]
Glycyrrhizin - a substance isolated from the root of the licorice
plant (Glycyrrhiza radix) and widely used in Japan against infectious diseases.
Some people argue that it has benefits in the treatment of chronic hepatitis
B although, once again, no well designed, controlled studies have been done.
[See Treatment Issues January 1994; vol. 7, no. 11-12.]
Milk Thistle - specifically, the seeds of "milk thistle,"
or silybum marianum. Proponents of milk thistle consider the seeds useful
for such problems as cirrhosis, jaundice, hepatitis, diarrhea, and drug, alcohol,
and chemical toxicity. There is some interesting research, but little solid
human data. [See Treatment Issues January 1994; vol. 7, no. 11-12.]
Thioctic Acid - a synthetic version of a natural compound found
in the liver and other tissues and also known as "lipoic acid" or
"alpha lipoic acid." A few authors recommend use of thioctic acid
in conjunction with anti-parasitic drugs and other liver -damaging medications,
but there are almost no clinical data documenting its liver-protecting qualities.
[See Notes from the Underground, October 1993, and "Thioctic Acid: A
Liver Protective Nutrient," an unpublished paper by Vic Hernandez.]
1.Di
Bisceglie AM, et al. 44th Annual Meeting of the American Society for the Study
of Liver Disease. Chicago, November 4-7, 1993, abstract 145.2.Brillanti
C, et al. 28th Meeting of the European Association for the Study of the Liver.
Paris, September 1-4, 1993, abstract T-69. 3.Farhat BA, et al. 28th Meeting
of the European Association for the Study of the Liver. Paris, September 1-4,
1993, abstract T-138. 4.Beloqui J, et al. 28th Meeting of the European Association
for the Study of the Liver. Paris, September 1-4, 1993, abstract P2-133. 5.Omata
M, et al. Lancet. 1991;338(8772):914-5. 6.Kanai K, et al. Lancet. 1990; 336(8709):245.
7.Boccia S,et al. 28th Meeting of the European Association for the Study of
the Liver. Paris, September 1-4, 1993, abstract T-51.
Ayurvedic Medicine
Part One
An Introduction
Ayurveda, Yoga and Trantra are the three ancient life
disciplines that have been practised in India for thousands of years. They
are mentioned in the scriptures of the Vedas
and Upanishads. Yoga is the
science of the union with spirit, the Divine, with Truth; Trantra is the most
direct method of controlling the energy that creates the ultimate union with
Truth; and Ayurveda is 'The Science of Life". One of its basic.' tenants
is that it is the "Mother of all healing system. Ayurveda encompasses
not only science but also religion (beliefs and disciplines) and philosophy
(the love of and search for truth)
as well. It is a science of truth as it is expressed in all life and the whole
of life's journey is considered sacred. 1.2. The practice of Ayurveda is the
Science of every day living (preventative medicine) to maintain optimal health
and balance, its records dated back some, 5,000 years.
Ayurveda is concerned with eight principles branches
of medicine: pediatrics, gynecology,
obstetrics, geriatrics, opthgalology, otolaryngology (ear, nose and throat),
general medicine and surgery. Each of these medical specialties is addressed
according the theories of the five elements Ether, Air, Fire, Water,
Earth); the tridosha, or constitution: vata, pitta, kapha the seven
dhatus, or body tissues; three ma/at; (urine, stool, sweat): Ned! or pulse diagnosis; Jihva or tongue diagnosis and the trinity of life: body, mind and spiritual awareness.
There are seven types of constitutions:
vata,
pitta
kapha,
vata-pitta,
pitta-kapha
vata-kapha,
vata-pitta-kapha.
Among these seven general constitutions
there are innumerable subtly variations that depend upon the percentage of
vata -pitta -kapha elements in the constitution. 1
The constitution is called prakruti in Sanskrit, a term which means "nature",
"creativity" or "first creation." The doshas are determined at
birth, by the environment of the womb and genetics, influenced more by the
mother than the father. The basic constitution of a person remains unaltered
during the lifetime. The combination of elements present at birth remains
constant. However, the combination of elements that governs the continuous
physiopathological changes in the body alters its response to changes in the
environment.
Throughout life, there is an endless interaction between
the external (macrocosm) and internal (microcosm) environment, the internal
environment being governed by the tri dosha. A basic principal of healing
in Ayurveda is that a balance may be created in the internal forces working
in the body by altering diet and habits of living to counteract changes in
the external environment.
There are aspects of all the five elements in everything.
At birth we are the most earth and least Ether that Vie will ever be in our
lives. The reverse is true when we get older. With respect to the tridoshas:
Earth (predominate) / Water; pitta =
Water/ fire (predominate); vata = Air (predominate) / Ether
According to Ayurveda, the first requirement for healing
oneself and others is to have a clear understanding of the tridoshes.
Functions of Tridosha
VATA
PITTA
KAPHA
Movement
Body Heat
Stability
Breathing Temperature Energy
Natural Urges Digestion Lubrication
Transformation of Perception Smooth & Greasy
Tissues
Motor Functions Understanding Forgiveness
Sensory Functions
Hunger Greed
Undergroundness Thirst Attachment
Secretions
Intelligence
Accumulation
Excretions
Anger Holding
Fear
Hate
Possessiveness
Emptiness
Jealousy
Anxiety
The Human Constitution
(Prakruiti)
ASPECT OF
CONSTITUTION
VATA PITTA KAPHA
-Frame Thin Moderate Thick
-Body Weight Low Moderate Overweight
-Skin Dry,
Rough Soft, Oily Thick, Oily
Cool, Brown Warm, Fair Cool, Pale
Black Red, Yellowish White
-Hair Black,
Dry Soft, Oily Thick, Oily, Wavy
Kinky Yellow, curly Dark or light
Grey, Red
-Teeth Protruded,
Big Moderate in size, Strong, white
and
Crooked, Soft Gums
Gums
Emaciated
-Eyes
Small, Dull Sharp Big, Attractive
Dry,
Brown, Green, Grey, Blue, thick
Black Yellow Eyelashes
-Appetite Variable Good, Excessive Slow but steady
Scanty
Unbearable
- Taste Sweet,
Sour Sweet, Bitter, Pungent, Bitter
Salt Astringent Astringent
-Thirst Variable Excessive Scanty
- Elimination Dry,
Hard, Soft, Oily Thick oily
Constipated Loose Heavy, Slow
-Physical Activity Very
Active Moderate Lethargic
- Mind Restless, Aggressive Calm, Slow
-Emotional Fearful,
Insecure, Aggressive Calm, Greedy
-Temperament Unpredictable
Irritable Attached
-Faith Changeable Fanatic Steady
-Memory Recent
Memory Sharp Slow but
Good, Remote
Prolonged
Memory
Poor
-Dreams
Fearful, Flying Fiery, Anger Watery, River
Jumping,
Running Violence, War Ocean, Lake
- Sleep Scanty Little but Heavy, Prolonged
Interrupted sound
-Speech Fast Sharp & Slow, Monotonous
Culling
-Financial Status Poor,
Spends Moderate, Spends Rich
money
quickly on luxuries money saver,
on trifles spends
on food
-Pulse Thready, Feeble
Moderate Broad, Slow Moves like a Jumping like a
Moves like a
Snake Frog Swan
Disease Process
Health can be defined as balance or order; disease
(disease) is imbalance or disorder. The body is always moving between balance
and imbalance. When we are sensitive or in-tune with our bodies we are aware
of any subtle differences and are able to make the necessary changes to enhance
and support the body towards a balanced state. Dis means "do the opposite
of”, “derived of”, and ease means “the state of being comfortable”.
In Ayurveda, the concept of health is fundamental
to the understanding disease. What is health in Ayurveda? A state of health
exists when: the digestive fire (agni) is
in equilibrium; the tridosha are in equilibrium; the three
wastes products (urine, feces and sweat) are produced at normal levels and are
in balance; the senses are functioning normally, and the body, mind and
consciousness are harmoniously working as one. When the balance of any of
these Systems is disturbed, the disease process begins.1 If all
of the above elements are in balance and the body is in a state at health,
even coming in with contagious diseases
will not effect a person.
The mind / body connection is often underestimated
or even overlooked. It is important
to consider a person's emotional and mental state when considering the disease
process. The mind often cannot deal
with every disturbance or issue it has and will store these issues somewhere
in the body to be later dealt with.
Hence, an important daily practice in Ayurveda is meditation and spiritual
practices.
Suggestions for a Daily Health Routine
·
Arise
before sunrise, excrete
·
Brush
teeth, clean tongue-including the back of the tongue,
·
Massage
gums with finger and Sesame oil, daily.
·
Spiritual
practice, meditation.
·
Wash
eyes- remove kapha (sleep)~ using Oregon grape tea.
·
Clean
out nose, sniff salt water (very effective for sinus headaches), or ginger
in water,
·
Clear
throat, gargle with astringent or Sesame oil.
·
Clear
chest, breathing exercises (twelve pranayamas, creates clearness & clarity
in the body & mind), inhalation inhalation with 3-5 eucalyptus (helps
to stimulate the immune system) essential oil.
·
-Bathe
daily.
·
-Eat
breakfast before 8am.
·
-Wash
hands before and after eating.
·
-Eat
in silence with an awareness of the food that is nourishing your body, Eat
slowly.
·
-Exercise
daily, this could be as little as a 15 minute walk after meals,
·
-Have
a massage weekly.
·
Rub
feet with almond oil before bed.
·
Sleep
before 10:00pm
NOTE: The largest meal of the day should be in the middle of the day.
Do not eat before bed. Dinner should be between 4 & 6 PM.
Kapha’s are encouraged to go without breakfast.
Vata's should eat regularly and often -5 small meals per day.
Reference; 1 AYRUVEDA
The Science of Self-healing, Dr Vasant Lad, Lotus Press, 1984
2. The YOGA of HERBs. Dr David Frawley & Dr Vasant Lad, Lotus Press,
1986
Mishel Rees, MH, WT, RM, Bdiv is a Healing Guide and
Master Herbalist, using many different healing modalities to support her clients.
She is co-owner and the operator of Quantum Life Energy Natural Dispensary
& Clinic, 1050 Marine Drive, North Vancouver, BC Ph: 604.986.7908, Fax:
604.986.7925, Email: blairt@wimsey.com
References and articles used in the writing of this paper:
Alpha Lipoic Acid by Beth M. Ley
AKIRA NAGITA1 AND MITSUO ANDO2.Assessment of
Hepatic Vitamin E Status in Adult Patients With Liver Disease, The American
Association for the Study of Liver Diseases.
José García de la Asunción*, Maria L. del Olmo*,
Juan Sastre*, Arantxa Millán*, Antonio Pellín, Federico V. Pallardó*, and
José Viña*. AZT Treatment Induces
Molecular and Ultrastructural Oxidative Damage to Muscle Mitochondria- Prevention
by Antioxidant Vitamins. Clin. Invest. Volume 102, Number 1, July 1998, 4-9
Sally P Stabler, John Lindenbaum, and Robert
H Allen. Vitamin B-12 deficiency in the elderly: current dilemmas. The American
Journal of CLINICAL NUTRITION. Volume 66 Number 4 October 1997
Henry D. Janowitz, MD. Good Food for Bad Stomachs.
Oxford University Press, 198 Madison Ave., New York, New York 10016 USA 1997
NORIFUMI KAWADA,1 SHUICHI SEKI,1 MASAYASU INOUE,2
AND TETSUO KUROKI1. Effect of Antioxidants,
Resveratrol, Quercetin, and N Acetylcysteine, on the Functions of Cultured
Rat Hepatic Stellate Cells and Kupffer Cells. Hepatology, Vol. 27, No. 5 (May 1998).
IMMUNE SYSTEM DISORDER NUTRITIONAL THERAPY. A
Five Point Empowerment Plan Based on the Clinical Research of Joan Priestley,
M.D. Omni Medical Center 615 East 82nd Avenue, Ancorage, AK 99518; 907-344-7775.
W Siriboonkoom, L Gramlich . The Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology. Nutrition
and chronic liver disease. Can J Gastroenterol 1998;12(3):201-207.
Oleg G. Khatsenko, Ram K. Sindhu, Yutaka Kikkawa.
Undernutrition during hyperoxic exposure induces CYP2E1 in rat liver. Abstract
Volume 71 Issue 11 (1997) pp 684-689
LEVANDER OA, ARS, NUTR REQUIREMENTS & FUNCT
LAB, BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR, USDA, BELTSVILLE, MD. VIRAL EVOLUTION
AS DRIVEN BY HOST NUTRITIONAL SELECTIVE FACTORS - and INFLUENCE OF DIETARY
OXIDATIVE STRESS. FOOD CHEMISTRY 1996 SEP;57(1):47-49.
Olivieri O, Girelli D, Stanzial AM, et al. Selenium,
zinc, and thyroid hormones in healthy subjects: low T3/T4 ratio in the elderly
is related to impaired selenium status. Biol Trace Elem Res 1996;51:31-41.
A.S. Gissen . N-Acetyl Cysteine. VRP's Nutritional
News: April, May, June 1994.
Carole Lemens and Craig Sterrit. Antioxidants, Oxidative Stress, and NAC.
http://www.projinf.org/hh/alternative.html#Evaluating_New_or_Alternative_Tre
Atments
Zoltan P. Rona MD, MSc. NATURAL INTERFERON BOOSTERS. <http://www.naturallink.com/homepages/zoltan_rona/interferon/index.html>
Natural, Alternative and Complementary Therapies.
http://www.ozemail.com.au/~acocacms/Page2.html
Dr.
David Bayley, BScK., N.D. 1997 September hepc.bull. NATUROPATHIC TREATMENT
OF HEPATITIS C. PART ONE: Clinical Indications for the use of Lipotrophic
Factors. PART TWO: Vitamins and minerals. PART THREE: Homeopathic preparations.
Carl
Germano, M.A., R.D., CNS. Nutritional Considerations In The Treatment Of Hepatitis.
http://www.solgar.com/nutrition_library/articles/hepetitus.html
Fernandez MI, Torres MI, Gil A, Rios A. "Steatosis and collagen content in experimental
liver cirrhosis are affected by dietary monounsaturated and polyunsaturated
fatty acids". Scand J Gastroenterol
1997 Apr;32(4):350-356.
Carol A Seymour, Kevin Whelan. Dietary management of hepatic
encephalopathy. BMJ 1999;318:1364-1365 ( 22 May ).
Ken Babal, C.N. "Reversing Liver Damage:
The body's largest detox organ needs repair work now and then" .
Editor's Correspondence - Leslie Olmstead Schulz,
PhD. August 11, 1997. Comments on
the Safety of Antioxidant Vitamin Supplementation.
http://www.ama-assn.org/sci-pubs/journals/archive/inte/vol_157/no_15/letter11.htm
SAMe The Liver Super-Nutrient. June 1997 edition of "Life Extension"
magazine.
"Living with Hepatitis C: A Survivor's Guide" by Gregory
T. Everson, M.D., and Hedy Weinberg. 1997, Hatherleigh Press. VIRAL EVOLUTION AS DRIVEN BY HOST NUTRITIONAL SELECTIVE FACTORS -
INFLUENCE OF DIETARY OXIDATIVE STRESS
H SIES, UNIV DUSSELDORF, INST PHYSIOL CHEM 1, POSTFACH . DIMINISHED PLASMA-LEVELS
OF VITAMIN-E IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE VIRAL-HEPATITIS. FREE RADICAL RESEARCH 1996 ;25(6):461-466
Willis C. Maddrey, MD. Viral Hepatitis: Natural History and Treatment.
Strategies for Reducing Ribavirin-Induced Nonimmune Hemolytic Anemia.
Digestive Disease Week Day 2 - May 17, 1999.
http://www.medscape.com/Medscape/CNO/1999/DDW/Story.cfm?story_id=623
Larrea E, Beloqui O, Munoz-Navas MA, Civeira
MP, Prieto J. Superoxide dismutase
in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Free Radic Biol Med
1998 May;24(7-8):1235-1241.
N.R. Diluzio.
The Liver: Master Organ for Optimal Nutrition. http://www.itsnet.com/home/biosourc/liver.html
Eberhard Bassenge, Nelli Fink, Mikhail Skatchkov,
and Bruno Fink. Dietary Supplement
with Vitamin C Prevents Nitrate Tolerance. J. Clin. Invest. Volume 102, Number 1, July 1998, 67-71.
Vitamin C Deficit Linked To Skin Disease. http://www.pslgroup.com/dg/34fde.htm
Bernadette M. Marriott, PhD. Annals of Internal Medicine:EDITORIALS. Vitamin
D Supplementation: A Word of Caution. Annals
of Internal Medicine 1 August 1997. 127:231-233. http://www.acponline.org/journals/annals/01aug97/bmdedit.htm
Robert D. Utiger, M.D. Editorial: The Need for More Vitamin
D. http://www.nejm.org/public/1998/0338/0012/0828/1.htm
Meydani SN, Meydani M, Blumberg JB, Leka LS,
Siber G, Loszewski R, Thompson C, Pedrosa MC, Diamond RD, Stollar BD. "Vitamin E supplementation and in vivo
immune response in healthy elderly subjects. A randomized controlled trial".
JAMA 1997 May 7;277(17):1380-1386.
C. Houglum K, Venkataramani A, Lyche K, Chojkier
M. A pilot study of the effects of d-alpha-tocopherol on hepatic stellate
cell activation in chronic hepatitis. Gastroenterology 1997;113:1069-1073.
Huey-Mei Shaw and Ching-jang Huang.
Liver 
-Tocopherol
Transfer Protein and Its mRNA Are Differentially Altered by Dietary Vitamin
E Deficiency and Protein Insufficiency in Rats.
The Journal of Nutrition Vol. 128 No. 12 December 1998, pp. 2348-2354.
RONALD J. SOKOL,*,‡ JAMES M. McKIM, Jr.,*,‡ M.
COLBY GOFF,* STEPHANIE Z. RUYLE,§ MICHAEL W. DEVEREAUX,*,‡ DERICK HAN, LESTER
PACKER, and GREGORY EVERSON‡. Vitamin E Reduces Oxidant Injury to Mitochondria
and the Hepatotoxicity of Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid in the Rat.
1998 by the American Gastroenterological Association. ( Ronald J. Sokol,
M.D., Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital, Box B290, 1056 East
19th Avenue, Denver, Colorado 80218. Fax: (303) 764-8025.)
Vitamin Toxicities http://www.projinf.org/hh/alternative.html
- Evaluating_New_or_Alternative_Treatments
von Herbay A; Stahl W; Niederau C; Sies H.
Vitamin E improves the aminotransferase status of patients suffering
from viral hepatitis C: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Free Radic Res 1997Dec;27(6):599-605 NLM CIT. ID: 98116873.
Mutlu-Turkoglu U, Ademoglu E, Turkoglu S, Badur
S, Uysal M, Toker. The effects of
interferon-alpha on serum lipid peroxidation and total thiol content in patients
with chronic active hepatitis-C. Res
Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol 1997 Jun;96(3):357-361.
Yamamoto Y, Yamashita S. Plasma ratio of ubiquinol and ubiquinone as
a marker of oxidative stress. Mol Aspects Med 1997;18 Suppl:S79-S84.
What Does My Liver Do? http://www.ozemail.com.au/~acocacms/Page2.html
What Is Fatty Liver? http://www.gastro.com/liverpg/fattyliv.htm
Kralik A, Eder K, Kirchgessner M.
Influence of zinc and selenium deficiency on parameters relating to
thyroid hormone metabolism. Horm Metab
Res 1996;28:223-226. http://www.thorne.com/altmedrev/recent2-2.html
